Chile
![The [[Chinchorro mummies](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Momia_cultura_chinchorro_a%C3%B1o_3000_AC.jpg)
Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failed to conquer the independent Mapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile emerged as a relatively stable authoritarian republic in the 1830s after their 1818 declaration of independence from Spain. During the 19th century, Chile experienced significant economic and territorial growth, putting an end to Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) by defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the 20th century, up until the 1970s, Chile underwent a process of democratization and experienced rapid population growth and urbanization, while relying increasingly on exports from copper mining to support its economy. During the 1960s and 1970s, the country was marked by severe left-right political polarization and turmoil, which culminated in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that overthrew Salvador Allende's democratically elected left-wing government. This was followed by a 16-year right-wing military dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet, which resulted in more than 3,000 deaths or disappearances. The regime ended in 1990, following a referendum in 1988, and was succeeded by a center-left coalition, which ruled until 2010.
Chile has a high-income economy and is one of the most economically and socially stable nations in South America, leading Latin America in competitiveness, per capita income, globalization, peace, and economic freedom. Chile also performs well in the region in terms of sustainability of the state and democratic development, and boasts the second lowest homicide rate in the Americas, following only Canada. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and the Pacific Alliance, and joined the OECD in 2010. Provided by Wikipedia
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121Published 1967“...República de Chile...”
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123Published 2018“...República de Chile...”
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126Published 2019“...República de Chile...”
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128Published 1992“...República de Chile 1980...”
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135Published 1991“...Diario Oficial de la Republica de Chile...”
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136Published 1992“...Diario Oficial de la República de Chile : Santiago, Chile...”
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137Published 2005“...Diario Oficial de la Republica de Chile...”
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138Published 2013“...República de Chile, Senado Centro de Extención del Senado...”
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