Análisis molecular de variación de polimorfismos STR autosómicos y de cromosoma «Y» en grupos étnicos de Ecuador
The results found allow us to establish certain conclusions on the structure of the population and the origin of Ecuadorians today. The volume of information obtained and the knowledge acquired continue to be insufficient in order to understand this ethnical, geographical and genetic structure of Ne...
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| Formato: | text (thesis) |
| Lenguaje: | spa |
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Universidad de Zaragoza (España)
2006
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| Acceso en línea: | https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=13742 |
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| Sumario: | The results found allow us to establish certain conclusions on the structure of the population and the origin of Ecuadorians today. The volume of information obtained and the knowledge acquired continue to be insufficient in order to understand this ethnical, geographical and genetic structure of New World settlers. The genetic studies completed represent the first formal research into Ecuadorian ethno-genetics. The cultural crossbreeding can be found in different issues like economic, social, political and religious organizations, linguistic systems, communication codes, etc. The ethnic mixture process initiated during colonialisation continues today. The dominant economic and political group conveys the culture which is imposed in its economic, social, political and linguistic models for the others groups. The dominant culture leads the development of the Western culture and tends towards uniformity. It is presented as the "cultura ideal" and is transmitted by the media and in daily interaction. Ecuador is clearly a multi-ethnic and multicultural country. Cultural assessment, respect and rescue do not mean assessing, respecting and rescuing isolated cultural elements, but rather social groups with rights to resources for subsistence, to political representation and their own social and organizational bodies, to education in their own language and culture, and to determine their own development in line with their needs. In this work, we analyzed samples from three different ethnic groups of Ecuador, including Mestizos, indigenous American Kichwas and Afro-American Blacks; analysis included 20 autosomic microsatellites D3S1358, HumFGA, D21S11, Penta E, Penta D, HumVWA, D8S1179, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818, D16S539, HumTH01, HumCSF1PO, HumTPOX, HumF13A01, HumF13B, HumLPL, HumHPRTB, HumFES/FPS and amelogenin; there was also capillary electrophoresis analysis of 12 microsatellites of the Y-chromosome such as DYS19, DYS385 a/b, DYS 389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439. With the autosomal STR markers we have confirmed and quantified that Mestizos and Afro-Ecuadorians are tri-hybrid populations. Mestizos contain ~73% of autosomal chromosomes of Native Americans origin, ~19% putative European and ~8% African origin. Afro-Ecuadorians can be estimated at ~57% Africans, ~28% Europeans and ~15% Native Americans. Seven different haplotypes were shared between Kichwas and Mestizos, one between Mestizos and Afro-Ecuadorians and one between Kichwas, Afro-Ecuadorians and Mestizos. This latter one is the most frequent haplotype in Europeans and, in particular, in Spaniards. The total number of different haplotypes is 276 in the entire sample analyzed. Mestizos are quite close to Kickwas, but are clearly closer to Spaniards than Kichwas. It is also the case for respective distance to Guineans. This is consistent with a triple genetic origin for the Mestizos: Amerinds, Europeans and Africans, as shown by the STRs in the Y-chromosome. Afro-Ecuadorians are the closest to Guineans, but are closer to Kichwas and to Spaniards than Guineans. With different proportions of mixture, the triple origin model proposed for the Mestizos is also applicable to Afro-Ecuadorians. The haplotypic heredity and the large possibility of combinations which these markers offer warn of the possible existence of allelic compositions as yet unanalyzed, and of those in which the real frequency is unknown. |
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