Evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, La Rioja)
Mountain areas have become recently places of great attraction, increasing the use of theirs resources and visits. This would not have been possible without the construction of a dense network of forest road in the world that has caused a great variety of environmental impacts, a lot of them negativ...
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Universidad de Zaragoza (España)
2004
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pista forestal carretera de montaña erosión modelos de erosión procesos de erosión escorrentía superficial simulación de lluvia movimientos en masa análisis de riesgo por deslizamiento SIG Sistema Ibérico montaña forest road hill-roads soil erosion erosion modelling erosion process surface runoff rainfall simulation mass movement landslide hazard analysis GIS Iberian System mountain |
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pista forestal carretera de montaña erosión modelos de erosión procesos de erosión escorrentía superficial simulación de lluvia movimientos en masa análisis de riesgo por deslizamiento SIG Sistema Ibérico montaña forest road hill-roads soil erosion erosion modelling erosion process surface runoff rainfall simulation mass movement landslide hazard analysis GIS Iberian System mountain Larrea Sáenz, Víctor Evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, La Rioja) |
| description |
Mountain areas have become recently places of great attraction, increasing the use of theirs resources and visits. This would not have been possible without the construction of a dense network of forest road in the world that has caused a great variety of environmental impacts, a lot of them negative, specially geomorphological impacts.
Road building in mountain areas has a notable geomorphological impact. Several factors like: the breaking of the hillslope profile, the lack of vegetation protection and the alteration of hillslope hydrogeomorphological functioning, suggest an increase of erosion processes (both variety and intensity) and in sediment yield, particulary in those hill-roads that were built with low budgets, and carry heavy traffic and do not include even minimal conservation techniques. In the mountains of La Rioja, hill-road building has been increasing in recent years to connect villages, to facilitate livestock access to pastures, to manage afforestation, to build windparks...
In this paper the author studies the geomorphological functioning of forest roads in the northwest Iberian System (La Rioja, Spain). The variety and significance of erosion processes have been analysed on the road-cut (T1), on sidecast fill (T2) and on the roadbed. A different behaviour has been observed in the three sectors. On T1 the activity of slides was important; on T2 the severe sheet wash erosion was very active; and incisions operated on the road bed. Geoecological and topographical controls explain the variety and activity of erosion processes. Different models of geomorphological evolution of road-cuts are here explained and erosion rates of processes vinculated to overland flow and its seasonal evolution have been estimated.
After introducing this matter and explaining the methods used and the characteristics of the study area, the importance and distribution of the forest road network in the Iberian System in La Rioja, has been evaluated specially in the selected forest road including their morfometry, vegetation covert, erosion processes on the bed road, cut and shid road, environmental and topographical controls.
The author describes, quantifies and classifies, with several techniques the erosion processes and analyzes in depth the superficial runoff and masse movements to set up behave models. The application of multivariate methods (cluster and discriminant analysis) has allowed to distinguish three models of geomorphological evolution on road-cuts that are related to different types of slope runoff regimes.
These models explain the different geomorphological evolution of a forest road system (cutslope, roadbed and sidecast fill) and the hidrogeomorphological functioning (overland flow and mass movements) on hill-roads in mountain slopes. A mobile rainfall simulator was used to compare the information of the runoff coefficients, of the overland flow and of the transported material. Correlation coefficients and regression analysis showed that the gradient, the plant cover density and the gravel cover had statistically significant effects on runoff and erosion on the three parts of forest road system.
Simple methods were applicated to classify road fills to establish typologies and to evaluate their evolution. An approximation method calculated the volume of material mobilized in mass movements; environmental controls were evaluated of several erosion processes; an analysis method of the susceptibility to landslides was tested and designed for this kind of lineal infrastructures. The results of the multivariate analysis were applied to obtain three landslide susceptibility maps using GIS in the forest road selected. Once validated in another section of the forest road studied a good result was obtained. Such methods could be applied in forest roads and hill-roads in order to hazard reduction and management.
To finish, a list of conclusions of this study about erosion processes in forest road is showed that allows to give several recommendations that are parts of a good practices collection about the design, constructions and management of forest roads for technicians and managers. A specific planning of this forest road network is needed, as well as preventive measures and regulation of construction, utilization and restoration. |
| author2 |
Arnáez Vadillo, José (Universidad de La Rioja) |
| author_facet |
Arnáez Vadillo, José (Universidad de La Rioja) Larrea Sáenz, Víctor |
| format |
text (thesis) |
| author |
Larrea Sáenz, Víctor |
| author_sort |
Larrea Sáenz, Víctor |
| title |
Evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, La Rioja) |
| title_short |
Evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, La Rioja) |
| title_full |
Evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, La Rioja) |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, La Rioja) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, La Rioja) |
| title_sort |
evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (sistema ibérico noroccidental, la rioja) |
| publisher |
Universidad de Zaragoza (España) |
| publishDate |
2004 |
| url |
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=18673 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT larreasaenzvictor evaluaciondeprocesosdeerosionenpistasforestalesnopavimentadassistemaibericonoroccidentallarioja |
| _version_ |
1718346587700199424 |
| spelling |
oai-TES00000013432019-05-14Evaluación de procesos de erosión en pistas forestales no pavimentadas: (Sistema Ibérico noroccidental, La Rioja)Larrea Sáenz, Víctorpista forestalcarretera de montañaerosiónmodelos de erosiónprocesos de erosiónescorrentía superficialsimulación de lluviamovimientos en masaanálisis de riesgo por deslizamientoSIGSistema Ibéricomontañaforest roadhill-roadssoil erosionerosion modellingerosion processsurface runoffrainfall simulationmass movementlandslide hazard analysisGISIberian SystemmountainMountain areas have become recently places of great attraction, increasing the use of theirs resources and visits. This would not have been possible without the construction of a dense network of forest road in the world that has caused a great variety of environmental impacts, a lot of them negative, specially geomorphological impacts. Road building in mountain areas has a notable geomorphological impact. Several factors like: the breaking of the hillslope profile, the lack of vegetation protection and the alteration of hillslope hydrogeomorphological functioning, suggest an increase of erosion processes (both variety and intensity) and in sediment yield, particulary in those hill-roads that were built with low budgets, and carry heavy traffic and do not include even minimal conservation techniques. In the mountains of La Rioja, hill-road building has been increasing in recent years to connect villages, to facilitate livestock access to pastures, to manage afforestation, to build windparks... In this paper the author studies the geomorphological functioning of forest roads in the northwest Iberian System (La Rioja, Spain). The variety and significance of erosion processes have been analysed on the road-cut (T1), on sidecast fill (T2) and on the roadbed. A different behaviour has been observed in the three sectors. On T1 the activity of slides was important; on T2 the severe sheet wash erosion was very active; and incisions operated on the road bed. Geoecological and topographical controls explain the variety and activity of erosion processes. Different models of geomorphological evolution of road-cuts are here explained and erosion rates of processes vinculated to overland flow and its seasonal evolution have been estimated. After introducing this matter and explaining the methods used and the characteristics of the study area, the importance and distribution of the forest road network in the Iberian System in La Rioja, has been evaluated specially in the selected forest road including their morfometry, vegetation covert, erosion processes on the bed road, cut and shid road, environmental and topographical controls. The author describes, quantifies and classifies, with several techniques the erosion processes and analyzes in depth the superficial runoff and masse movements to set up behave models. The application of multivariate methods (cluster and discriminant analysis) has allowed to distinguish three models of geomorphological evolution on road-cuts that are related to different types of slope runoff regimes. These models explain the different geomorphological evolution of a forest road system (cutslope, roadbed and sidecast fill) and the hidrogeomorphological functioning (overland flow and mass movements) on hill-roads in mountain slopes. A mobile rainfall simulator was used to compare the information of the runoff coefficients, of the overland flow and of the transported material. Correlation coefficients and regression analysis showed that the gradient, the plant cover density and the gravel cover had statistically significant effects on runoff and erosion on the three parts of forest road system. Simple methods were applicated to classify road fills to establish typologies and to evaluate their evolution. An approximation method calculated the volume of material mobilized in mass movements; environmental controls were evaluated of several erosion processes; an analysis method of the susceptibility to landslides was tested and designed for this kind of lineal infrastructures. The results of the multivariate analysis were applied to obtain three landslide susceptibility maps using GIS in the forest road selected. Once validated in another section of the forest road studied a good result was obtained. Such methods could be applied in forest roads and hill-roads in order to hazard reduction and management. To finish, a list of conclusions of this study about erosion processes in forest road is showed that allows to give several recommendations that are parts of a good practices collection about the design, constructions and management of forest roads for technicians and managers. A specific planning of this forest road network is needed, as well as preventive measures and regulation of construction, utilization and restoration.Recientemente las áreas de montaña se han convertido en espacios de gran atracción, se ha incrementado el uso de sus recursos y su frecuentación. Esto nunca hubiera sido posible sin la construcción de densas redes de pistas en el mundo, lo que ha dado lugar a una gran variedad de impactos ambientales, buena parte de ellos negativos, especialmente impactos geomorfológicos. La construcción de carreteras en las zonas de montaña tiene importantes impactos geomorfológicos. Varios factores como: la ruptura del perfil de la ladera, la falta de protección de la vegetación y la alteración del funcionamiento hidrogeomofológico, sugieren un aumento de los procesos de erosión (tanto en variedad como en intensidad) y en la producción de sedimentos, especialmente en las carreteras de montaña que se construyeron con bajos presupuestos, soportan un tráfico pesado y no incluyen las mínimas técnicas de conservación. En las montañas de La Rioja la construcción de carreteras de montaña se ha ido incrementando en los últimos años para conectar aldeas, para facilitar el acceso del ganado a los pastos, la gestión de los montes, la construcción de parques eólicos... En el presente trabajo el autor estudia el funcionamiento geomorfológico de las pistas forestales en el Sistema Ibérico noroccidental (La Rioja, España). La variedad y la importancia de los procesos de erosión se han analizado en el corte-talud (T1), en el talud inferior (T2) y en la superficie de rodadura. Un comportamiento diferente se ha detectado en los tres sectores. En T1 la actividad de los deslizamientos es importante; en T2 el arroyamiento superficial severo es muy activo, y las incisiones operan en la superficie de rodadura. Factores geológicos y topográficos explican la diversidad y la actividad de los procesos de erosión. Se explican diferentes modelos de evolución geomorfológica de los taludes de las carreteras y se valoran las tasas de erosión de los procesos vinculados al arroyamiento superficial y su evolución estacional. Después de aproximarnos a la cuestión y explicar los métodos utilizados y las características del área de estudio, se valora la importancia y la distribución de la red de pistas forestales en el Sistema Ibérico en La Rioja, especialmente en las pistas forestales seleccionadas: su morfometría, cubrimiento de la vegetación, los procesos de erosión en la calzada, cortes y taludes, factores ambientales y topográficos. Se describen, cuantifican y jerarquizan, con varias técnicas los procesos de erosión y analizan en profundidad el arroyamiento superficial y los movimientos de masa para crear modelos de comportamiento. La aplicación de métodos de análisis multivariable (análisis discriminante y cluster) nos ha permitido distinguir tres modelos de evolución geomorfológica en cortes de carreteras que están relacionados con diferentes tipos de regímenes de arroyamiento en laderas. Estos modelos explican la diferente evolución geomorfológica del sistema pista forestal (corte-talud, superficie de rodadura y talud inferior) y el funcionamiento hidrogeomorfológico (arroyamiento y movimientos de masas) en carreteras en laderas de montaña. Un simulador de lluvia móvil se utilizó para que la información de coeficientes de escorrentía, arroyamiento superficial y material transportado pudiera ser comparada. Los coeficientes de correlación y el análisis de regresión mostraron que la pendiente, la densidad de la cubierta vegetal y de gravas tenían efectos estadísticamente significativos en la escorrentía y la erosión de las tres partes del sistema. Métodos simples fueron aplicados para clasificar los taludes de las pistas forestales, establecer tipologías y valorar su evolución. Un método de aproximación calculó el volumen de material movilizado en movimientos en masa; se jerarquizaron los factores medioambientales de varios procesos de erosión; un método de análisis de susceptibilidad por movimientos en masa se ensayó y diseñó para este tipo de infraestructuras lineales. Los resultados del análisis multivariante fueron aplicados para obtener tres mapas de susceptibilidad por movimientos en masa mediante SIG en la pista seleccionada. Una vez validados en otro tramo de la pista forestal estudiada se obtuvo un buen resultado. Este tipo de métodos podrían ser aplicados en pistas forestales y carreteras de montaña para su gestión y reducción de peligros. Para acabar se presenta una lista de conclusiones del estudio sobre los procesos de erosión en pistas forestales que se traducen en varias recomendaciones que son parte del conjunto de buenas prácticas sobre el diseño, construcción y manejo o gestión de carreteras de montaña para técnicos y gestores. Es necesario un planteamiento específico sobre las redes de pistas así como medidas preventivas, la regulación de su construcción, utilización y rehabilitación de situaciones previas.Universidad de Zaragoza (España)Arnáez Vadillo, José (Universidad de La Rioja)2004text (thesis)application/pdfhttps://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=18673spaLICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. 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