β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances

β-cell death is regarded as a major event driving loss of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we explore past, present, and potential future advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that promote β-cell death in diabetes, with a focu...

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Autores principales:	Noyonika Mukherjee, Li Lin, Christopher J. Contreras, Andrew T. Templin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	β cell cell death islet diabetes mellitus cytotoxicity Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/000cf9e0f4544ba29b9b5b9d7f2b65ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:000cf9e0f4544ba29b9b5b9d7f2b65ec2021-11-25T18:20:59Zβ-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances10.3390/metabo111107962218-1989https://doaj.org/article/000cf9e0f4544ba29b9b5b9d7f2b65ec2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/796https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989β-cell death is regarded as a major event driving loss of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we explore past, present, and potential future advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that promote β-cell death in diabetes, with a focus on the primary literature. We first review discoveries of insulin insufficiency, β-cell loss, and β-cell death in human diabetes. We discuss findings in humans and mouse models of diabetes related to autoimmune-associated β-cell loss and the roles of autoreactive T cells, B cells, and the β cell itself in this process. We review discoveries of the molecular mechanisms that underlie β-cell death-inducing stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines, islet amyloid formation, ER stress, oxidative stress, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. Finally, we explore recent perspectives on β-cell death in diabetes, including: (1) the role of the β cell in its own demise, (2) methods and terminology for identifying diverse mechanisms of β-cell death, and (3) whether non-canonical forms of β-cell death, such as regulated necrosis, contribute to islet inflammation and β-cell loss in diabetes. We believe new perspectives on the mechanisms of β-cell death in diabetes will provide a better understanding of this pathological process and may lead to new therapeutic strategies to protect β cells in the setting of diabetes.Noyonika MukherjeeLi LinChristopher J. ContrerasAndrew T. TemplinMDPI AGarticleβ cellcell deathisletdiabetes mellituscytotoxicityMicrobiologyQR1-502ENMetabolites, Vol 11, Iss 796, p 796 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	β cell cell death islet diabetes mellitus cytotoxicity Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	β cell cell death islet diabetes mellitus cytotoxicity Microbiology QR1-502 Noyonika Mukherjee Li Lin Christopher J. Contreras Andrew T. Templin β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances
description	β-cell death is regarded as a major event driving loss of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we explore past, present, and potential future advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that promote β-cell death in diabetes, with a focus on the primary literature. We first review discoveries of insulin insufficiency, β-cell loss, and β-cell death in human diabetes. We discuss findings in humans and mouse models of diabetes related to autoimmune-associated β-cell loss and the roles of autoreactive T cells, B cells, and the β cell itself in this process. We review discoveries of the molecular mechanisms that underlie β-cell death-inducing stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines, islet amyloid formation, ER stress, oxidative stress, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. Finally, we explore recent perspectives on β-cell death in diabetes, including: (1) the role of the β cell in its own demise, (2) methods and terminology for identifying diverse mechanisms of β-cell death, and (3) whether non-canonical forms of β-cell death, such as regulated necrosis, contribute to islet inflammation and β-cell loss in diabetes. We believe new perspectives on the mechanisms of β-cell death in diabetes will provide a better understanding of this pathological process and may lead to new therapeutic strategies to protect β cells in the setting of diabetes.
format	article
author	Noyonika Mukherjee Li Lin Christopher J. Contreras Andrew T. Templin
author_facet	Noyonika Mukherjee Li Lin Christopher J. Contreras Andrew T. Templin
author_sort	Noyonika Mukherjee
title	β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances
title_short	β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances
title_full	β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances
title_fullStr	β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances
title_full_unstemmed	β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances
title_sort	β-cell death in diabetes: past discoveries, present understanding, and potential future advances
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/000cf9e0f4544ba29b9b5b9d7f2b65ec
work_keys_str_mv	AT noyonikamukherjee bcelldeathindiabetespastdiscoveriespresentunderstandingandpotentialfutureadvances AT lilin bcelldeathindiabetespastdiscoveriespresentunderstandingandpotentialfutureadvances AT christopherjcontreras bcelldeathindiabetespastdiscoveriespresentunderstandingandpotentialfutureadvances AT andrewttemplin bcelldeathindiabetespastdiscoveriespresentunderstandingandpotentialfutureadvances
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β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances

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