Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific

Abstract The global daily gap-free chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data derived using the data interpolating empirical orthogonal functions (DINEOF) technique from observations of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) in 2020 and the in situ measurements at the Tropical Ocean Atmosphere (TAO)...

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Autores principales:	Wei Shi, Menghua Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/006b96b7f87f41748dd85a77c6600b5c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:006b96b7f87f41748dd85a77c6600b5c2021-11-21T12:18:17ZTropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific10.1038/s41598-021-01880-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/006b96b7f87f41748dd85a77c6600b5c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01880-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The global daily gap-free chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data derived using the data interpolating empirical orthogonal functions (DINEOF) technique from observations of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) in 2020 and the in situ measurements at the Tropical Ocean Atmosphere (TAO) moorings are used to characterize and quantify the biological variability modulated by the tropical instability wave (TIW). Our study aims to understand how ocean physical processes are linked to biological variability. In this study, we use the TAO in situ measurements and the coincident VIIRS Chl-a data to identify the mechanism that drives ocean biological variability corresponding to the TIW. Satellite observations show that the TIW-driven Chl-a variability stretched from 90°W to 160°E in the region. The enhanced Chl-a pattern propagated westward and moderately matched the cooler sea surface temperature (SST) patterns in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. In fact, the Chl-a variation driven by the TIW is about ± 30% of mean Chl-a values. Furthermore, the time series of Chl-a at 140°W along the equator was found to be in phase with sea surface salinity (SSS) at 140°W along the equator at the TAO mooring since late May 2020. The cross-correlation coefficients with the maximum magnitude between Chl-a and SST, Chl-a and SSS, and Chl-a and dynamic height were –0.46, + 0.74, and –0.58, respectively, with the corresponding time lags of about 7 days, 1 day, and 8 days, respectively. The different spatial patterns of the cooler SST and enhanced Chl-a are attributed to the phase difference in Chl-a and SST. Indeed, a Chl-a peak normally coincided with a SSS peak and vice versa. This could be attributed to the consistency in the change in nutrient concentration with respect to the change of SSS. The vertical distributions of the temperature and salinity at 140°W along the equator reveal that the TIW leads to changes in both salinity and nutrient concentrations in the sea surface, and consequently drives the Chl-a variability from late May until the end of the year 2020.Wei ShiMenghua WangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Wei Shi Menghua Wang Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific
description	Abstract The global daily gap-free chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data derived using the data interpolating empirical orthogonal functions (DINEOF) technique from observations of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) in 2020 and the in situ measurements at the Tropical Ocean Atmosphere (TAO) moorings are used to characterize and quantify the biological variability modulated by the tropical instability wave (TIW). Our study aims to understand how ocean physical processes are linked to biological variability. In this study, we use the TAO in situ measurements and the coincident VIIRS Chl-a data to identify the mechanism that drives ocean biological variability corresponding to the TIW. Satellite observations show that the TIW-driven Chl-a variability stretched from 90°W to 160°E in the region. The enhanced Chl-a pattern propagated westward and moderately matched the cooler sea surface temperature (SST) patterns in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. In fact, the Chl-a variation driven by the TIW is about ± 30% of mean Chl-a values. Furthermore, the time series of Chl-a at 140°W along the equator was found to be in phase with sea surface salinity (SSS) at 140°W along the equator at the TAO mooring since late May 2020. The cross-correlation coefficients with the maximum magnitude between Chl-a and SST, Chl-a and SSS, and Chl-a and dynamic height were –0.46, + 0.74, and –0.58, respectively, with the corresponding time lags of about 7 days, 1 day, and 8 days, respectively. The different spatial patterns of the cooler SST and enhanced Chl-a are attributed to the phase difference in Chl-a and SST. Indeed, a Chl-a peak normally coincided with a SSS peak and vice versa. This could be attributed to the consistency in the change in nutrient concentration with respect to the change of SSS. The vertical distributions of the temperature and salinity at 140°W along the equator reveal that the TIW leads to changes in both salinity and nutrient concentrations in the sea surface, and consequently drives the Chl-a variability from late May until the end of the year 2020.
format	article
author	Wei Shi Menghua Wang
author_facet	Wei Shi Menghua Wang
author_sort	Wei Shi
title	Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific
title_short	Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific
title_full	Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific
title_fullStr	Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific
title_full_unstemmed	Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific
title_sort	tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the equatorial pacific
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/006b96b7f87f41748dd85a77c6600b5c
work_keys_str_mv	AT weishi tropicalinstabilitywavemodulationofchlorophyllaintheequatorialpacific AT menghuawang tropicalinstabilitywavemodulationofchlorophyllaintheequatorialpacific
_version_	1718419043653779456

Tropical instability wave modulation of chlorophyll-a in the Equatorial Pacific

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