Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives

Forrest H Nielsen Research Nutritionist Consultant, Grand Forks, ND, USA Abstract: Animal studies have shown that magnesium deficiency induces an inflammatory response that results in leukocyte and macrophage activation, release of inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, and excessive produ...

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Autor principal:	Nielsen FH
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	magnesium deficiency magnesium adequacy inflammatory stress oxidative stress chronic disease Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/007564a1e933444096ce43bbcfd503ca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:007564a1e933444096ce43bbcfd503ca2021-12-02T03:43:31ZMagnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives1178-7031https://doaj.org/article/007564a1e933444096ce43bbcfd503ca2018-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/magnesium-deficiency-and-increased-inflammation-current-perspectives-peer-reviewed-article-JIRhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7031Forrest H Nielsen Research Nutritionist Consultant, Grand Forks, ND, USA Abstract: Animal studies have shown that magnesium deficiency induces an inflammatory response that results in leukocyte and macrophage activation, release of inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, and excessive production of free radicals. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that the primary mechanism through which magnesium deficiency has this effect is through increasing cellular Ca2+, which is the signal that results in the priming of cells to give the inflammatory response. Primary pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1; the messenger cytokine IL-6; cytokine responders E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; and acute-phase reactants C-reactive protein and fibrinogen have been determined to associate magnesium deficiency with chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammatory stress). When magnesium dietary intake, supplementation, and/or serum concentration suggest/s the presence of magnesium deficiency, it often is associated with low-grade inflammation and/or with pathological conditions for which inflammatory stress is considered a risk factor. When magnesium intake, supplementation, and/or serum concentration suggest/s an adequate status, magnesium generally has not been found to significantly affect markers of chronic low-grade inflammation or chronic disease. The consistency of these findings can be modified by other nutritional and metabolic factors that affect inflammatory and oxidative stress. In spite of this, findings to date provide convincing evidence that magnesium deficiency is a significant contributor to chronic low-grade inflammation that is a risk factor for a variety of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Because magnesium deficiency commonly occurs in countries where foods rich in magnesium are not consumed in recommended amounts, magnesium should be considered an element of significant nutritional concern for health and well-being in these countries. Keywords: magnesium deficiency, magnesium adequacy, inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, chronic disease Nielsen FHDove Medical Pressarticlemagnesium deficiencymagnesium adequacyinflammatory stressoxidative stresschronic diseasePathologyRB1-214Therapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENJournal of Inflammation Research, Vol Volume 11, Pp 25-34 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	magnesium deficiency magnesium adequacy inflammatory stress oxidative stress chronic disease Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	magnesium deficiency magnesium adequacy inflammatory stress oxidative stress chronic disease Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Nielsen FH Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives
description	Forrest H Nielsen Research Nutritionist Consultant, Grand Forks, ND, USA Abstract: Animal studies have shown that magnesium deficiency induces an inflammatory response that results in leukocyte and macrophage activation, release of inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, and excessive production of free radicals. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that the primary mechanism through which magnesium deficiency has this effect is through increasing cellular Ca2+, which is the signal that results in the priming of cells to give the inflammatory response. Primary pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1; the messenger cytokine IL-6; cytokine responders E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; and acute-phase reactants C-reactive protein and fibrinogen have been determined to associate magnesium deficiency with chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammatory stress). When magnesium dietary intake, supplementation, and/or serum concentration suggest/s the presence of magnesium deficiency, it often is associated with low-grade inflammation and/or with pathological conditions for which inflammatory stress is considered a risk factor. When magnesium intake, supplementation, and/or serum concentration suggest/s an adequate status, magnesium generally has not been found to significantly affect markers of chronic low-grade inflammation or chronic disease. The consistency of these findings can be modified by other nutritional and metabolic factors that affect inflammatory and oxidative stress. In spite of this, findings to date provide convincing evidence that magnesium deficiency is a significant contributor to chronic low-grade inflammation that is a risk factor for a variety of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Because magnesium deficiency commonly occurs in countries where foods rich in magnesium are not consumed in recommended amounts, magnesium should be considered an element of significant nutritional concern for health and well-being in these countries. Keywords: magnesium deficiency, magnesium adequacy, inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, chronic disease
format	article
author	Nielsen FH
author_facet	Nielsen FH
author_sort	Nielsen FH
title	Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives
title_short	Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives
title_full	Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives
title_fullStr	Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives
title_sort	magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/007564a1e933444096ce43bbcfd503ca
work_keys_str_mv	AT nielsenfh magnesiumdeficiencyandincreasedinflammationcurrentperspectives
_version_	1718401650199101440

Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives

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