Analysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study

In Europe there are nearly 500 incinerators. There are over 2000 of them in the world. It is estimated that the combustion of 1 ton (Mg) of waste produces about 250–300 kg of slag. Due to the large amounts of this waste, the construction industry’s demand for raw materials and the reduction of CO<...

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Autores principales:	Monika Czop, Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk, Małgorzata Kajda-Szcześniak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	waste slag reuse recycling mortar expansion (swell) Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/00a72d9677e443deb0326ba74d213081
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:00a72d9677e443deb0326ba74d2130812021-11-11T18:03:55ZAnalysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study10.3390/ma142164911996-1944https://doaj.org/article/00a72d9677e443deb0326ba74d2130812021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6491https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944In Europe there are nearly 500 incinerators. There are over 2000 of them in the world. It is estimated that the combustion of 1 ton (Mg) of waste produces about 250–300 kg of slag. Due to the large amounts of this waste, the construction industry’s demand for raw materials and the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, research was undertaken to use slags as a cement component. The problem was complex because slags generated in the thermal treatment of municipal waste have different chemical compositions and physical properties and contain variable amounts of impurities. The choice of chemical analyses of slag was dictated by the potential influence on the properties of cement mortars. The total moisture of raw slag (4–10%), the bulk density (600–1267 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the specific surface after grinding (over 3000 cm<sup>2</sup>/g) were determined. The pH (11.9) and the content of sulphates (3.5% by weight), chlorides (0.3% by weight) and selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb) were measured in the aqueous extract. The obtained results of the washing test were compared with the values resulting from the currently binding legal regulations. In the next step, cement mortars with 30% addition of tested slags were designed and made. The article presents the results of compressive strength tests, which were compared with the results of samples without the addition of slag. The addition of slag to the cement mortar decreased S_MSWI 1 by 64% and S_MSWI 2 by 31%. The high loss of strength and the swelling of the S_MSWI 1 test led to the activation of the NaOH slag. In the endurance test, an increase from 16 to 32 MPa was recorded. Preliminary studies show that the addition of slag in the cement mortar allows obtaining the strength at the level of 30–32 MPa.Monika CzopBeata Łaźniewska-PiekarczykMałgorzata Kajda-SzcześniakMDPI AGarticlewasteslagreuserecyclingmortarexpansion (swell)TechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6491, p 6491 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	waste slag reuse recycling mortar expansion (swell) Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	waste slag reuse recycling mortar expansion (swell) Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Monika Czop Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk Małgorzata Kajda-Szcześniak Analysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study
description	In Europe there are nearly 500 incinerators. There are over 2000 of them in the world. It is estimated that the combustion of 1 ton (Mg) of waste produces about 250–300 kg of slag. Due to the large amounts of this waste, the construction industry’s demand for raw materials and the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, research was undertaken to use slags as a cement component. The problem was complex because slags generated in the thermal treatment of municipal waste have different chemical compositions and physical properties and contain variable amounts of impurities. The choice of chemical analyses of slag was dictated by the potential influence on the properties of cement mortars. The total moisture of raw slag (4–10%), the bulk density (600–1267 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and the specific surface after grinding (over 3000 cm<sup>2</sup>/g) were determined. The pH (11.9) and the content of sulphates (3.5% by weight), chlorides (0.3% by weight) and selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb) were measured in the aqueous extract. The obtained results of the washing test were compared with the values resulting from the currently binding legal regulations. In the next step, cement mortars with 30% addition of tested slags were designed and made. The article presents the results of compressive strength tests, which were compared with the results of samples without the addition of slag. The addition of slag to the cement mortar decreased S_MSWI 1 by 64% and S_MSWI 2 by 31%. The high loss of strength and the swelling of the S_MSWI 1 test led to the activation of the NaOH slag. In the endurance test, an increase from 16 to 32 MPa was recorded. Preliminary studies show that the addition of slag in the cement mortar allows obtaining the strength at the level of 30–32 MPa.
format	article
author	Monika Czop Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk Małgorzata Kajda-Szcześniak
author_facet	Monika Czop Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk Małgorzata Kajda-Szcześniak
author_sort	Monika Czop
title	Analysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study
title_short	Analysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study
title_full	Analysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study
title_fullStr	Analysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study
title_sort	analysis of the possibility of using slags from the thermal treatment of municipal waste as potential component of cement—case study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/00a72d9677e443deb0326ba74d213081
work_keys_str_mv	AT monikaczop analysisofthepossibilityofusingslagsfromthethermaltreatmentofmunicipalwasteaspotentialcomponentofcementcasestudy AT beatałazniewskapiekarczyk analysisofthepossibilityofusingslagsfromthethermaltreatmentofmunicipalwasteaspotentialcomponentofcementcasestudy AT małgorzatakajdaszczesniak analysisofthepossibilityofusingslagsfromthethermaltreatmentofmunicipalwasteaspotentialcomponentofcementcasestudy
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Analysis of the Possibility of Using Slags from the Thermal Treatment of Municipal Waste as Potential Component of Cement—Case Study

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