Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model
Biomechanical stability plays an important role in fracture healing, with unstable fixation being associated with healing disturbances. A lack of stability is also considered a risk factor for fracture-related infection (FRI), although confirmatory studies and an understanding of the underlying mech...
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The Company of Biologists
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:00e517bf17264744889f08025ba0617c2021-11-28T16:01:02ZFracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model2046-639010.1242/bio.057315https://doaj.org/article/00e517bf17264744889f08025ba0617c2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://bio.biologists.org/content/10/9/bio057315https://doaj.org/toc/2046-6390Biomechanical stability plays an important role in fracture healing, with unstable fixation being associated with healing disturbances. A lack of stability is also considered a risk factor for fracture-related infection (FRI), although confirmatory studies and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms are lacking. In the present study, we investigate whether biomechanical (in)stability can lead to altered immune responses in mice under sterile or experimentally inoculated conditions. In non-inoculated C57BL/6 mice, instability resulted in an early increase of inflammatory markers such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and interleukin (IL)-6 within the bone. When inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis, instability resulted in a further significant increase in G-CSF, IL-6 and KC in bone tissue. Staphylococcus aureus infection led to rapid osteolysis and instability in all animals and was not further studied. Gene expression measurements also showed significant upregulation in CCL2 and G-CSF in these mice. IL-17A was found to be upregulated in all S. epidermidis infected mice, with higher systemic IL-17A cell responses in mice that cleared the infection, which was found to be produced by CD4+ and γδ+ T cells in the bone marrow. IL-17A knock-out (KO) mice displayed a trend of delayed clearance of infection (P=0.22, Fisher’s exact test) and an increase in interferon (IFN)-γ production. Biomechanical instability leads to a more pronounced local inflammatory response, which is exaggerated by bacterial infection. This study provides insights into long-held beliefs that biomechanics are crucial not only for fracture healing, but also for control of infection.Marina Sabaté-BrescóCorina M. BersetStephan ZeiterBarbara StanicKeith ThompsonMario ZieglerR. Geoff RichardsLiam O'MahonyT. Fintan MoriartyThe Company of Biologistsarticlebone infectionfracture-related infections. epidermidiss. aureusimplant stabilityinterleukin-17aScienceQBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology Open, Vol 10, Iss 9 (2021) |
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bone infection fracture-related infection s. epidermidis s. aureus implant stability interleukin-17a Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
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bone infection fracture-related infection s. epidermidis s. aureus implant stability interleukin-17a Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Marina Sabaté-Brescó Corina M. Berset Stephan Zeiter Barbara Stanic Keith Thompson Mario Ziegler R. Geoff Richards Liam O'Mahony T. Fintan Moriarty Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model |
description |
Biomechanical stability plays an important role in fracture healing, with unstable fixation being associated with healing disturbances. A lack of stability is also considered a risk factor for fracture-related infection (FRI), although confirmatory studies and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms are lacking. In the present study, we investigate whether biomechanical (in)stability can lead to altered immune responses in mice under sterile or experimentally inoculated conditions. In non-inoculated C57BL/6 mice, instability resulted in an early increase of inflammatory markers such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and interleukin (IL)-6 within the bone. When inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis, instability resulted in a further significant increase in G-CSF, IL-6 and KC in bone tissue. Staphylococcus aureus infection led to rapid osteolysis and instability in all animals and was not further studied. Gene expression measurements also showed significant upregulation in CCL2 and G-CSF in these mice. IL-17A was found to be upregulated in all S. epidermidis infected mice, with higher systemic IL-17A cell responses in mice that cleared the infection, which was found to be produced by CD4+ and γδ+ T cells in the bone marrow. IL-17A knock-out (KO) mice displayed a trend of delayed clearance of infection (P=0.22, Fisher’s exact test) and an increase in interferon (IFN)-γ production. Biomechanical instability leads to a more pronounced local inflammatory response, which is exaggerated by bacterial infection. This study provides insights into long-held beliefs that biomechanics are crucial not only for fracture healing, but also for control of infection. |
format |
article |
author |
Marina Sabaté-Brescó Corina M. Berset Stephan Zeiter Barbara Stanic Keith Thompson Mario Ziegler R. Geoff Richards Liam O'Mahony T. Fintan Moriarty |
author_facet |
Marina Sabaté-Brescó Corina M. Berset Stephan Zeiter Barbara Stanic Keith Thompson Mario Ziegler R. Geoff Richards Liam O'Mahony T. Fintan Moriarty |
author_sort |
Marina Sabaté-Brescó |
title |
Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model |
title_short |
Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model |
title_full |
Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model |
title_fullStr |
Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model |
title_sort |
fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model |
publisher |
The Company of Biologists |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/00e517bf17264744889f08025ba0617c |
work_keys_str_mv |
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