Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension

Abstract Conifer wood is an exceptionally stiff and strong material when its cellulose microfibrils are well aligned. However, it is not well understood how the polymer components cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin co-operate to resist tensile stress in wood. From X-ray scattering, neutron scatter...

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Autores principales:	Lynne H. Thomas, Clemens M. Altaner, V. Trevor Forsyth, Estelle Mossou, Craig J. Kennedy, Anne Martel, Michael C. Jarvis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/00fb0df9e81e4e83a74c15a6c310156f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:00fb0df9e81e4e83a74c15a6c310156f2021-12-02T15:22:58ZNanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension10.1038/s41598-020-79676-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/00fb0df9e81e4e83a74c15a6c310156f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79676-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Conifer wood is an exceptionally stiff and strong material when its cellulose microfibrils are well aligned. However, it is not well understood how the polymer components cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin co-operate to resist tensile stress in wood. From X-ray scattering, neutron scattering and spectroscopic data, collected under tension and processed by novel methods, the ordered, disordered and hemicellulose-coated cellulose components comprising each microfibril were shown to stretch together and demonstrated concerted, viscous stress relaxation facilitated by water. Different cellulose microfibrils did not all stretch to the same degree. Attempts were made to distinguish between microfibrils showing large and small elongation but these domains were shown to be similar with respect to orientation, crystalline disorder, hydration and the presence of bound xylan. These observations are consistent with a major stress transfer process between microfibrils being shear at interfaces in direct, hydrogen-bonded contact, as demonstrated by small-angle neutron scattering. If stress were transmitted between microfibrils by bridging hemicelluloses these might have been expected to show divergent stretching and relaxation behaviour, which was not observed. However lignin and hemicellulosic glucomannans may contribute to stress transfer on a larger length scale between microfibril bundles (macrofibrils).Lynne H. ThomasClemens M. AltanerV. Trevor ForsythEstelle MossouCraig J. KennedyAnne MartelMichael C. JarvisNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lynne H. Thomas Clemens M. Altaner V. Trevor Forsyth Estelle Mossou Craig J. Kennedy Anne Martel Michael C. Jarvis Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension
description	Abstract Conifer wood is an exceptionally stiff and strong material when its cellulose microfibrils are well aligned. However, it is not well understood how the polymer components cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin co-operate to resist tensile stress in wood. From X-ray scattering, neutron scattering and spectroscopic data, collected under tension and processed by novel methods, the ordered, disordered and hemicellulose-coated cellulose components comprising each microfibril were shown to stretch together and demonstrated concerted, viscous stress relaxation facilitated by water. Different cellulose microfibrils did not all stretch to the same degree. Attempts were made to distinguish between microfibrils showing large and small elongation but these domains were shown to be similar with respect to orientation, crystalline disorder, hydration and the presence of bound xylan. These observations are consistent with a major stress transfer process between microfibrils being shear at interfaces in direct, hydrogen-bonded contact, as demonstrated by small-angle neutron scattering. If stress were transmitted between microfibrils by bridging hemicelluloses these might have been expected to show divergent stretching and relaxation behaviour, which was not observed. However lignin and hemicellulosic glucomannans may contribute to stress transfer on a larger length scale between microfibril bundles (macrofibrils).
format	article
author	Lynne H. Thomas Clemens M. Altaner V. Trevor Forsyth Estelle Mossou Craig J. Kennedy Anne Martel Michael C. Jarvis
author_facet	Lynne H. Thomas Clemens M. Altaner V. Trevor Forsyth Estelle Mossou Craig J. Kennedy Anne Martel Michael C. Jarvis
author_sort	Lynne H. Thomas
title	Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension
title_short	Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension
title_full	Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension
title_fullStr	Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension
title_full_unstemmed	Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension
title_sort	nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/00fb0df9e81e4e83a74c15a6c310156f
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Nanostructural deformation of high-stiffness spruce wood under tension

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