In Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production

The carbothermic reduction of slag in silicomanganese production is accompanied by the release of carbon monoxide. This gas can accumulate as bubbles within the slag, leading to foaming and, potentially, disturbances to furnace operation. This study investigated the reduction in the slag together wi...

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Autores principales:	Vincent Canaguier, Merete Tangstad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	metallurgy slag foaming silicomanganese ferroalloys sessile drop technique Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01125128d4684e049fb29b6782fc2ba0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01125128d4684e049fb29b6782fc2ba02021-11-25T18:51:32ZIn Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production10.3390/pr91120202227-9717https://doaj.org/article/01125128d4684e049fb29b6782fc2ba02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/11/2020https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9717The carbothermic reduction of slag in silicomanganese production is accompanied by the release of carbon monoxide. This gas can accumulate as bubbles within the slag, leading to foaming and, potentially, disturbances to furnace operation. This study investigated the reduction in the slag together with its foaming using a sessile drop furnace. Five silicomanganese slags produced from industrial raw materials (Assmang ore, Comilog ore, high-carbon FeMn slag with quartz, and FeS additions) were reduced by a graphite substrate at isothermal conditions (i.e., 1540–1660 °C) under CO atmosphere. The reduction reaction was tracked by photographing the slag droplet, and the cyclic expansion and burst of the droplet were used to estimate the gas evolution. The reacted samples were analyzed by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) to determine MnO and SiO<sub>2</sub> reduction. While no foaming was observed using Comilog ore, extensive retention of CO in the slag phase was observed when using Assmang ore or Assmang with high-carbon FeMn slag. The beginning of foaming was attributed to an increase in the reaction rate; the absence of foaming when using Comilog can be attributed to the acidity of the charge. Addition of sulfur to the Comilog-based charge did not influence the reduction.Vincent CanaguierMerete TangstadMDPI AGarticlemetallurgyslag foamingsilicomanganeseferroalloyssessile drop techniqueChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENProcesses, Vol 9, Iss 2020, p 2020 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	metallurgy slag foaming silicomanganese ferroalloys sessile drop technique Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	metallurgy slag foaming silicomanganese ferroalloys sessile drop technique Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Vincent Canaguier Merete Tangstad In Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production
description	The carbothermic reduction of slag in silicomanganese production is accompanied by the release of carbon monoxide. This gas can accumulate as bubbles within the slag, leading to foaming and, potentially, disturbances to furnace operation. This study investigated the reduction in the slag together with its foaming using a sessile drop furnace. Five silicomanganese slags produced from industrial raw materials (Assmang ore, Comilog ore, high-carbon FeMn slag with quartz, and FeS additions) were reduced by a graphite substrate at isothermal conditions (i.e., 1540–1660 °C) under CO atmosphere. The reduction reaction was tracked by photographing the slag droplet, and the cyclic expansion and burst of the droplet were used to estimate the gas evolution. The reacted samples were analyzed by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) to determine MnO and SiO<sub>2</sub> reduction. While no foaming was observed using Comilog ore, extensive retention of CO in the slag phase was observed when using Assmang ore or Assmang with high-carbon FeMn slag. The beginning of foaming was attributed to an increase in the reaction rate; the absence of foaming when using Comilog can be attributed to the acidity of the charge. Addition of sulfur to the Comilog-based charge did not influence the reduction.
format	article
author	Vincent Canaguier Merete Tangstad
author_facet	Vincent Canaguier Merete Tangstad
author_sort	Vincent Canaguier
title	In Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production
title_short	In Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production
title_full	In Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production
title_fullStr	In Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production
title_full_unstemmed	In Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production
title_sort	in situ observation of the carbothermic reduction and foaming of slags in silicomanganese production
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/01125128d4684e049fb29b6782fc2ba0
work_keys_str_mv	AT vincentcanaguier insituobservationofthecarbothermicreductionandfoamingofslagsinsilicomanganeseproduction AT meretetangstad insituobservationofthecarbothermicreductionandfoamingofslagsinsilicomanganeseproduction
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In Situ Observation of the Carbothermic Reduction and Foaming of Slags in Silicomanganese Production

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