Neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.

An important feature of addiction is the high drug craving that may promote the continuation of consumption. Environmental stimuli classically conditioned to drug-intake have a strong motivational power for addicts and can elicit craving. However, addicts differ in the attitudes towards their own co...

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Autores principales:	Bastian Stippekohl, Markus H Winkler, Bertram Walter, Sabine Kagerer, Ronald F Mucha, Paul Pauli, Dieter Vaitl, Rudolf Stark
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01295062fc5c42549a695f56add0e9e7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01295062fc5c42549a695f56add0e9e72021-11-18T08:08:57ZNeural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0046782https://doaj.org/article/01295062fc5c42549a695f56add0e9e72012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23155368/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203An important feature of addiction is the high drug craving that may promote the continuation of consumption. Environmental stimuli classically conditioned to drug-intake have a strong motivational power for addicts and can elicit craving. However, addicts differ in the attitudes towards their own consumption behavior: some are content with drug taking (consonant users) whereas others are discontent (dissonant users). Such differences may be important for clinical practice because the experience of dissonance might enhance the likelihood to consider treatment. This fMRI study investigated in smokers whether these different attitudes influence subjective and neural responses to smoking stimuli. Based on self-characterization, smokers were divided into consonant and dissonant smokers. These two groups were presented smoking stimuli and neutral stimuli. Former studies have suggested differences in the impact of smoking stimuli depending on the temporal stage of the smoking ritual they are associated with. Therefore, we used stimuli associated with the beginning (BEGIN-smoking-stimuli) and stimuli associated with the terminal stage (END-smoking-stimuli) of the smoking ritual as distinct stimulus categories. Stimulus ratings did not differ between both groups. Brain data showed that BEGIN-smoking-stimuli led to enhanced mesolimbic responses (amygdala, hippocampus, insula) in dissonant compared to consonant smokers. In response to END-smoking-stimuli, dissonant smokers showed reduced mesocortical responses (orbitofrontal cortex, subcallosal cortex) compared to consonant smokers. These results suggest that smoking stimuli with a high incentive value (BEGIN-smoking-stimuli) are more appetitive for dissonant than consonant smokers at least on the neural level. To the contrary, smoking stimuli with low incentive value (END-smoking-stimuli) seem to be less appetitive for dissonant smokers than consonant smokers. These differences might be one reason why dissonant smokers experience difficulties in translating their attitudes into an actual behavior change.Bastian StippekohlMarkus H WinklerBertram WalterSabine KagererRonald F MuchaPaul PauliDieter VaitlRudolf StarkPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 11, p e46782 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bastian Stippekohl Markus H Winkler Bertram Walter Sabine Kagerer Ronald F Mucha Paul Pauli Dieter Vaitl Rudolf Stark Neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.
description	An important feature of addiction is the high drug craving that may promote the continuation of consumption. Environmental stimuli classically conditioned to drug-intake have a strong motivational power for addicts and can elicit craving. However, addicts differ in the attitudes towards their own consumption behavior: some are content with drug taking (consonant users) whereas others are discontent (dissonant users). Such differences may be important for clinical practice because the experience of dissonance might enhance the likelihood to consider treatment. This fMRI study investigated in smokers whether these different attitudes influence subjective and neural responses to smoking stimuli. Based on self-characterization, smokers were divided into consonant and dissonant smokers. These two groups were presented smoking stimuli and neutral stimuli. Former studies have suggested differences in the impact of smoking stimuli depending on the temporal stage of the smoking ritual they are associated with. Therefore, we used stimuli associated with the beginning (BEGIN-smoking-stimuli) and stimuli associated with the terminal stage (END-smoking-stimuli) of the smoking ritual as distinct stimulus categories. Stimulus ratings did not differ between both groups. Brain data showed that BEGIN-smoking-stimuli led to enhanced mesolimbic responses (amygdala, hippocampus, insula) in dissonant compared to consonant smokers. In response to END-smoking-stimuli, dissonant smokers showed reduced mesocortical responses (orbitofrontal cortex, subcallosal cortex) compared to consonant smokers. These results suggest that smoking stimuli with a high incentive value (BEGIN-smoking-stimuli) are more appetitive for dissonant than consonant smokers at least on the neural level. To the contrary, smoking stimuli with low incentive value (END-smoking-stimuli) seem to be less appetitive for dissonant smokers than consonant smokers. These differences might be one reason why dissonant smokers experience difficulties in translating their attitudes into an actual behavior change.
format	article
author	Bastian Stippekohl Markus H Winkler Bertram Walter Sabine Kagerer Ronald F Mucha Paul Pauli Dieter Vaitl Rudolf Stark
author_facet	Bastian Stippekohl Markus H Winkler Bertram Walter Sabine Kagerer Ronald F Mucha Paul Pauli Dieter Vaitl Rudolf Stark
author_sort	Bastian Stippekohl
title	Neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.
title_short	Neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.
title_full	Neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.
title_fullStr	Neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.
title_full_unstemmed	Neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.
title_sort	neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/01295062fc5c42549a695f56add0e9e7
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Neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers' attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour.

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