Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure

Abstract Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) composed of high-energy, heavy particles (HZE) poses potentially serious hazards to long-duration crewed missions in deep space beyond earth’s magnetosphere, including planned missions to Mars. Chronic effects of GCR exposure on brain structure and cognitive...

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Autores principales:	Omid Miry, Xiao-lei Zhang, Linnea R. Vose, Katisha R. Gopaul, Galadu Subah, Juliet A. Moncaster, Mark W. Wojnarowicz, Andrew M. Fisher, Chad A. Tagge, Lee E. Goldstein, Patric K. Stanton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0131dee5a6ec49579af365637eac4733
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0131dee5a6ec49579af365637eac47332021-12-02T16:23:21ZLife-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure10.1038/s41598-021-83447-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0131dee5a6ec49579af365637eac47332021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83447-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) composed of high-energy, heavy particles (HZE) poses potentially serious hazards to long-duration crewed missions in deep space beyond earth’s magnetosphere, including planned missions to Mars. Chronic effects of GCR exposure on brain structure and cognitive function are poorly understood, thereby limiting risk reduction and mitigation strategies to protect against sequelae from exposure during and after deep-space travel. Given the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to neurotoxic insult and the importance of this brain region to learning and memory, we hypothesized that GCR-relevant HZE exposure may induce long-term alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. To test this hypothesis, we irradiated 3-month-old male and female mice with a single, whole-body dose of 10, 50, or 100 cGy 56Fe ions (600 MeV, 181 keV/μm) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Our data reveal complex, dynamic, time-dependent effects of HZE exposure on the hippocampus. Two months post exposure, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and learning were impaired compared to sham-irradiated, age-matched controls. By six months post-exposure, deficits in spatial learning were absent in irradiated mice, and synaptic potentiation was enhanced. Enhanced performance in spatial learning and facilitation of synaptic plasticity in irradiated mice persisted 12 months post-exposure, concomitant with a dramatic rebound in adult-born neurons. Synaptic plasticity and spatial learning remained enhanced 20 months post-exposure, indicating a life-long influence on plasticity and cognition from a single exposure to HZE in young adulthood. These findings suggest that GCR-exposure can persistently alter brain health and cognitive function during and after long-duration travel in deep space.Omid MiryXiao-lei ZhangLinnea R. VoseKatisha R. GopaulGaladu SubahJuliet A. MoncasterMark W. WojnarowiczAndrew M. FisherChad A. TaggeLee E. GoldsteinPatric K. StantonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Omid Miry Xiao-lei Zhang Linnea R. Vose Katisha R. Gopaul Galadu Subah Juliet A. Moncaster Mark W. Wojnarowicz Andrew M. Fisher Chad A. Tagge Lee E. Goldstein Patric K. Stanton Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure
description	Abstract Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) composed of high-energy, heavy particles (HZE) poses potentially serious hazards to long-duration crewed missions in deep space beyond earth’s magnetosphere, including planned missions to Mars. Chronic effects of GCR exposure on brain structure and cognitive function are poorly understood, thereby limiting risk reduction and mitigation strategies to protect against sequelae from exposure during and after deep-space travel. Given the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to neurotoxic insult and the importance of this brain region to learning and memory, we hypothesized that GCR-relevant HZE exposure may induce long-term alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. To test this hypothesis, we irradiated 3-month-old male and female mice with a single, whole-body dose of 10, 50, or 100 cGy 56Fe ions (600 MeV, 181 keV/μm) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Our data reveal complex, dynamic, time-dependent effects of HZE exposure on the hippocampus. Two months post exposure, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and learning were impaired compared to sham-irradiated, age-matched controls. By six months post-exposure, deficits in spatial learning were absent in irradiated mice, and synaptic potentiation was enhanced. Enhanced performance in spatial learning and facilitation of synaptic plasticity in irradiated mice persisted 12 months post-exposure, concomitant with a dramatic rebound in adult-born neurons. Synaptic plasticity and spatial learning remained enhanced 20 months post-exposure, indicating a life-long influence on plasticity and cognition from a single exposure to HZE in young adulthood. These findings suggest that GCR-exposure can persistently alter brain health and cognitive function during and after long-duration travel in deep space.
format	article
author	Omid Miry Xiao-lei Zhang Linnea R. Vose Katisha R. Gopaul Galadu Subah Juliet A. Moncaster Mark W. Wojnarowicz Andrew M. Fisher Chad A. Tagge Lee E. Goldstein Patric K. Stanton
author_facet	Omid Miry Xiao-lei Zhang Linnea R. Vose Katisha R. Gopaul Galadu Subah Juliet A. Moncaster Mark W. Wojnarowicz Andrew M. Fisher Chad A. Tagge Lee E. Goldstein Patric K. Stanton
author_sort	Omid Miry
title	Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure
title_short	Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure
title_full	Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure
title_fullStr	Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure
title_full_unstemmed	Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure
title_sort	life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0131dee5a6ec49579af365637eac4733
work_keys_str_mv	AT omidmiry lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT xiaoleizhang lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT linnearvose lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT katishargopaul lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT galadusubah lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT julietamoncaster lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT markwwojnarowicz lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT andrewmfisher lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT chadatagge lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT leeegoldstein lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure AT patrickstanton lifelongbraincompensatoryresponsestogalacticcosmicradiationexposure
_version_	1718384092425224192

Life-long brain compensatory responses to galactic cosmic radiation exposure

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