Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.

Large carnivore attacks on humans are a serious form of human-wildlife interaction which has increased globally in recent decades. When attacks occur, both humans and large carnivores suffer, highlighting the need to characterize these conflicts toward mitigation of attacks. We investigated brown be...

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Autores principales:	Jamshid Parchizadeh, Jerrold L Belant
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01357b6650f74f5e9063b6fda9272985
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01357b6650f74f5e9063b6fda92729852021-12-02T20:04:55ZBrown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255042https://doaj.org/article/01357b6650f74f5e9063b6fda92729852021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255042https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Large carnivore attacks on humans are a serious form of human-wildlife interaction which has increased globally in recent decades. When attacks occur, both humans and large carnivores suffer, highlighting the need to characterize these conflicts toward mitigation of attacks. We investigated brown bear (Ursus arctos) and Persian leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks on humans across Iran using reports provided by the Government of Iran during 2012-2020. We characterized temporal and spatial patterns of attacks, as well as species-specific attributes. We identified 83 attacks resulting in 77 human injuries and 6 fatalities. Bears were responsible for more attacks (63%) than leopards (37%). Attacks occurred more frequently during defensive reactions by bears and leopards on adult male people while livestock herding during the day in spring and summer. Bears reportedly attacked people more often in western provinces of Iran, while leopards attacked more frequently in northern provinces. We recommend that the Iran Department of the Environment consider implementing a national reporting system to document bear and leopard attacks on people. We further suggest development of national bear and leopard management plans that emphasize mitigating human risk to improve human attitudes toward these carnivore species to facilitate their conservation.Jamshid ParchizadehJerrold L BelantPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0255042 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jamshid Parchizadeh Jerrold L Belant Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.
description	Large carnivore attacks on humans are a serious form of human-wildlife interaction which has increased globally in recent decades. When attacks occur, both humans and large carnivores suffer, highlighting the need to characterize these conflicts toward mitigation of attacks. We investigated brown bear (Ursus arctos) and Persian leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks on humans across Iran using reports provided by the Government of Iran during 2012-2020. We characterized temporal and spatial patterns of attacks, as well as species-specific attributes. We identified 83 attacks resulting in 77 human injuries and 6 fatalities. Bears were responsible for more attacks (63%) than leopards (37%). Attacks occurred more frequently during defensive reactions by bears and leopards on adult male people while livestock herding during the day in spring and summer. Bears reportedly attacked people more often in western provinces of Iran, while leopards attacked more frequently in northern provinces. We recommend that the Iran Department of the Environment consider implementing a national reporting system to document bear and leopard attacks on people. We further suggest development of national bear and leopard management plans that emphasize mitigating human risk to improve human attitudes toward these carnivore species to facilitate their conservation.
format	article
author	Jamshid Parchizadeh Jerrold L Belant
author_facet	Jamshid Parchizadeh Jerrold L Belant
author_sort	Jamshid Parchizadeh
title	Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.
title_short	Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.
title_full	Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.
title_fullStr	Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.
title_full_unstemmed	Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.
title_sort	brown bear and persian leopard attacks on humans in iran.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/01357b6650f74f5e9063b6fda9272985
work_keys_str_mv	AT jamshidparchizadeh brownbearandpersianleopardattacksonhumansiniran AT jerroldlbelant brownbearandpersianleopardattacksonhumansiniran
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Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran.

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