The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach

The great prospects for introducing the cold sintering process (CSP) into industry determine the importance of finding approaches to reduce the processing time and mechanical pressure required to obtain dense ceramics using CSP. The introducing zinc acetate into the initial ZnO powder of methods, su...

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Autores principales:	Yurii D. Ivakin, Andrey V. Smirnov, Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva, Andrey N. Kharlanov, Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote, Anton Smirnov, Sergey N. Grigoriev
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	oxide ceramics zinc oxide cold sintering process thermovapor treatment microstructure spark plasma Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/013a2d5c4d6e46419cd7125ba91104d2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:013a2d5c4d6e46419cd7125ba91104d22021-11-11T18:11:21ZThe Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach10.3390/ma142166801996-1944https://doaj.org/article/013a2d5c4d6e46419cd7125ba91104d22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6680https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The great prospects for introducing the cold sintering process (CSP) into industry determine the importance of finding approaches to reduce the processing time and mechanical pressure required to obtain dense ceramics using CSP. The introducing zinc acetate into the initial ZnO powder of methods, such as impregnation, thermovapor autoclave treatment (TVT), and direct injection of an aqueous solution into a die followed by cold sintering process using a spark plasma sintering unit, was studied. The effect of the introduction methods on the density and grain size of sintered ceramics was analyzed using SEM, dynamic light scattering, IR spectroscopy, and XRD. The impregnation method provides sintered samples with high relative density (over 0.90) and significant grain growth when sintered at 250 °C with a high heating rate of 100 °C/min, under a uniaxial pressure of 80 MPa in a vacuum, and a short isothermic dwell time (5 min). The TVT and aqueous solution direct injection methods showed lower relative densities (0.87 and 0.76, respectively) of CSP ZnO samples. Finally, the development of ideas about the processes occurring in an aqueous medium with CSP and TVT, which are subject to mechanical pressure, is presented.Yurii D. IvakinAndrey V. SmirnovAlexandra Yu. KurmyshevaAndrey N. KharlanovNestor Washington Solís PinargoteAnton SmirnovSergey N. GrigorievMDPI AGarticleoxide ceramicszinc oxidecold sintering processthermovapor treatmentmicrostructurespark plasmaTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6680, p 6680 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oxide ceramics zinc oxide cold sintering process thermovapor treatment microstructure spark plasma Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	oxide ceramics zinc oxide cold sintering process thermovapor treatment microstructure spark plasma Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Yurii D. Ivakin Andrey V. Smirnov Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva Andrey N. Kharlanov Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote Anton Smirnov Sergey N. Grigoriev The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach
description	The great prospects for introducing the cold sintering process (CSP) into industry determine the importance of finding approaches to reduce the processing time and mechanical pressure required to obtain dense ceramics using CSP. The introducing zinc acetate into the initial ZnO powder of methods, such as impregnation, thermovapor autoclave treatment (TVT), and direct injection of an aqueous solution into a die followed by cold sintering process using a spark plasma sintering unit, was studied. The effect of the introduction methods on the density and grain size of sintered ceramics was analyzed using SEM, dynamic light scattering, IR spectroscopy, and XRD. The impregnation method provides sintered samples with high relative density (over 0.90) and significant grain growth when sintered at 250 °C with a high heating rate of 100 °C/min, under a uniaxial pressure of 80 MPa in a vacuum, and a short isothermic dwell time (5 min). The TVT and aqueous solution direct injection methods showed lower relative densities (0.87 and 0.76, respectively) of CSP ZnO samples. Finally, the development of ideas about the processes occurring in an aqueous medium with CSP and TVT, which are subject to mechanical pressure, is presented.
format	article
author	Yurii D. Ivakin Andrey V. Smirnov Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva Andrey N. Kharlanov Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote Anton Smirnov Sergey N. Grigoriev
author_facet	Yurii D. Ivakin Andrey V. Smirnov Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva Andrey N. Kharlanov Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote Anton Smirnov Sergey N. Grigoriev
author_sort	Yurii D. Ivakin
title	The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach
title_short	The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach
title_full	The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach
title_fullStr	The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach
title_full_unstemmed	The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach
title_sort	role of the activator additives introduction method in the cold sintering process of zno ceramics: csp/sps approach
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/013a2d5c4d6e46419cd7125ba91104d2
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The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach

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