Visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.

The altered sensory experience of profound early onset deafness provokes sometimes large scale neural reorganisations. In particular, auditory-visual cross-modal plasticity occurs, wherein redundant auditory cortex becomes recruited to vision. However, the effect of human deafness on neural structur...

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Autores principales:	Charlotte Codina, Olivier Pascalis, Chris Mody, Peter Toomey, Jill Rose, Laura Gummer, David Buckley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0145a34295734c90b6eabb3c5ddb291b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0145a34295734c90b6eabb3c5ddb291b2021-11-18T06:52:45ZVisual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0020417https://doaj.org/article/0145a34295734c90b6eabb3c5ddb291b2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21673805/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The altered sensory experience of profound early onset deafness provokes sometimes large scale neural reorganisations. In particular, auditory-visual cross-modal plasticity occurs, wherein redundant auditory cortex becomes recruited to vision. However, the effect of human deafness on neural structures involved in visual processing prior to the visual cortex has never been investigated, either in humans or animals. We investigated neural changes at the retina and optic nerve head in profoundly deaf (N = 14) and hearing (N = 15) adults using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), an in-vivo light interference method of quantifying retinal micro-structure. We compared retinal changes with behavioural results from the same deaf and hearing adults, measuring sensitivity in the peripheral visual field using Goldmann perimetry. Deaf adults had significantly larger neural rim areas, within the optic nerve head in comparison to hearing controls suggesting greater retinal ganglion cell number. Deaf adults also demonstrated significantly larger visual field areas (indicating greater peripheral sensitivity) than controls. Furthermore, neural rim area was significantly correlated with visual field area in both deaf and hearing adults. Deaf adults also showed a significantly different pattern of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) distribution compared to controls. Significant correlations between the depth of the RNFL at the inferior-nasal peripapillary retina and the corresponding far temporal and superior temporal visual field areas (sensitivity) were found. Our results show that cross-modal plasticity after early onset deafness may not be limited to the sensory cortices, noting specific retinal adaptations in early onset deaf adults which are significantly correlated with peripheral vision sensitivity.Charlotte CodinaOlivier PascalisChris ModyPeter ToomeyJill RoseLaura GummerDavid BuckleyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 6, p e20417 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Charlotte Codina Olivier Pascalis Chris Mody Peter Toomey Jill Rose Laura Gummer David Buckley Visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.
description	The altered sensory experience of profound early onset deafness provokes sometimes large scale neural reorganisations. In particular, auditory-visual cross-modal plasticity occurs, wherein redundant auditory cortex becomes recruited to vision. However, the effect of human deafness on neural structures involved in visual processing prior to the visual cortex has never been investigated, either in humans or animals. We investigated neural changes at the retina and optic nerve head in profoundly deaf (N = 14) and hearing (N = 15) adults using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), an in-vivo light interference method of quantifying retinal micro-structure. We compared retinal changes with behavioural results from the same deaf and hearing adults, measuring sensitivity in the peripheral visual field using Goldmann perimetry. Deaf adults had significantly larger neural rim areas, within the optic nerve head in comparison to hearing controls suggesting greater retinal ganglion cell number. Deaf adults also demonstrated significantly larger visual field areas (indicating greater peripheral sensitivity) than controls. Furthermore, neural rim area was significantly correlated with visual field area in both deaf and hearing adults. Deaf adults also showed a significantly different pattern of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) distribution compared to controls. Significant correlations between the depth of the RNFL at the inferior-nasal peripapillary retina and the corresponding far temporal and superior temporal visual field areas (sensitivity) were found. Our results show that cross-modal plasticity after early onset deafness may not be limited to the sensory cortices, noting specific retinal adaptations in early onset deaf adults which are significantly correlated with peripheral vision sensitivity.
format	article
author	Charlotte Codina Olivier Pascalis Chris Mody Peter Toomey Jill Rose Laura Gummer David Buckley
author_facet	Charlotte Codina Olivier Pascalis Chris Mody Peter Toomey Jill Rose Laura Gummer David Buckley
author_sort	Charlotte Codina
title	Visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.
title_short	Visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.
title_full	Visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.
title_fullStr	Visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.
title_full_unstemmed	Visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.
title_sort	visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/0145a34295734c90b6eabb3c5ddb291b
work_keys_str_mv	AT charlottecodina visualadvantageindeafadultslinkedtoretinalchanges AT olivierpascalis visualadvantageindeafadultslinkedtoretinalchanges AT chrismody visualadvantageindeafadultslinkedtoretinalchanges AT petertoomey visualadvantageindeafadultslinkedtoretinalchanges AT jillrose visualadvantageindeafadultslinkedtoretinalchanges AT lauragummer visualadvantageindeafadultslinkedtoretinalchanges AT davidbuckley visualadvantageindeafadultslinkedtoretinalchanges
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Visual advantage in deaf adults linked to retinal changes.

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