RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis

The intrinsic cellular heterogeneity and molecular complexity of the mammalian nervous system relies substantially on the dynamic nature and spatiotemporal patterning of gene expression. These features of gene expression are achieved in part through mechanisms involving various epigenetic processes...

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Autores principales:	Biswanath Chatterjee, Che-Kun James Shen, Pritha Majumder
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	RNA modifications RNA metabolism brain development neurodegenerative diseases neurodevelopmental disorders Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01588115adad4d6c9a18cae2d0ccfb46
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01588115adad4d6c9a18cae2d0ccfb462021-11-11T17:17:34ZRNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis10.3390/ijms2221118701422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/01588115adad4d6c9a18cae2d0ccfb462021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11870https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The intrinsic cellular heterogeneity and molecular complexity of the mammalian nervous system relies substantially on the dynamic nature and spatiotemporal patterning of gene expression. These features of gene expression are achieved in part through mechanisms involving various epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNA activity, amongst others. In concert, another regulatory layer by which RNA bases and sugar residues are chemically modified enhances neuronal transcriptome complexity. Similar RNA modifications in other systems collectively constitute the cellular epitranscriptome that integrates and impacts various physiological processes. The epitranscriptome is dynamic and is reshaped constantly to regulate vital processes such as development, differentiation and stress responses. Perturbations of the epitranscriptome can lead to various pathogenic conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular abnormalities and neurological diseases. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled us to identify and locate modified bases/sugars on different RNA species. These RNA modifications modulate the stability, transport and, most importantly, translation of RNA. In this review, we discuss the formation and functions of some frequently observed RNA modifications—including methylations of adenine and cytosine bases, and isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine—at various layers of RNA metabolism, together with their contributions to abnormal physiological conditions that can lead to various neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.Biswanath ChatterjeeChe-Kun James ShenPritha MajumderMDPI AGarticleRNA modificationsRNA metabolismbrain developmentneurodegenerative diseasesneurodevelopmental disordersBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11870, p 11870 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	RNA modifications RNA metabolism brain development neurodegenerative diseases neurodevelopmental disorders Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	RNA modifications RNA metabolism brain development neurodegenerative diseases neurodevelopmental disorders Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Biswanath Chatterjee Che-Kun James Shen Pritha Majumder RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis
description	The intrinsic cellular heterogeneity and molecular complexity of the mammalian nervous system relies substantially on the dynamic nature and spatiotemporal patterning of gene expression. These features of gene expression are achieved in part through mechanisms involving various epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNA activity, amongst others. In concert, another regulatory layer by which RNA bases and sugar residues are chemically modified enhances neuronal transcriptome complexity. Similar RNA modifications in other systems collectively constitute the cellular epitranscriptome that integrates and impacts various physiological processes. The epitranscriptome is dynamic and is reshaped constantly to regulate vital processes such as development, differentiation and stress responses. Perturbations of the epitranscriptome can lead to various pathogenic conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular abnormalities and neurological diseases. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled us to identify and locate modified bases/sugars on different RNA species. These RNA modifications modulate the stability, transport and, most importantly, translation of RNA. In this review, we discuss the formation and functions of some frequently observed RNA modifications—including methylations of adenine and cytosine bases, and isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine—at various layers of RNA metabolism, together with their contributions to abnormal physiological conditions that can lead to various neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.
format	article
author	Biswanath Chatterjee Che-Kun James Shen Pritha Majumder
author_facet	Biswanath Chatterjee Che-Kun James Shen Pritha Majumder
author_sort	Biswanath Chatterjee
title	RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis
title_short	RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis
title_full	RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis
title_fullStr	RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed	RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis
title_sort	rna modifications and rna metabolism in neurological disease pathogenesis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/01588115adad4d6c9a18cae2d0ccfb46
work_keys_str_mv	AT biswanathchatterjee rnamodificationsandrnametabolisminneurologicaldiseasepathogenesis AT chekunjamesshen rnamodificationsandrnametabolisminneurologicaldiseasepathogenesis AT prithamajumder rnamodificationsandrnametabolisminneurologicaldiseasepathogenesis
_version_	1718432099503964160

RNA Modifications and RNA Metabolism in Neurological Disease Pathogenesis

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