Venomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings

There are many native species of animals with the potential to cause severe disease in Portugal. Of the four clinically relevant snake species, the vipers (Vipera latastei and Vipera seoanei) are the most concerning. They can cause severe disease and require in-hospital management, monitoring and sp...

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Autores principales:	Sofia R. Valdoleiros, Inês Correia Gonçalves, Carolina Silva, Diogo Guerra, Lino André Silva, Fernando Martínez-Freiría, Fátima Rato, Sandra Xará
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN PT
Publicado:	Ordem dos Médicos 2021
Materias:	animais mordeduras e picadas mordeduras por serpentes picadas por aranhas picadas por escorpiões portugal veneno venenos de serpentes Medicine R Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01601e3329df4a7faa9704bb51957f48
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01601e3329df4a7faa9704bb51957f482021-12-01T21:03:59ZVenomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings0870-399X1646-075810.20344/amp.15589https://doaj.org/article/01601e3329df4a7faa9704bb51957f482021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/15589https://doaj.org/toc/0870-399Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1646-0758There are many native species of animals with the potential to cause severe disease in Portugal. Of the four clinically relevant snake species, the vipers (Vipera latastei and Vipera seoanei) are the most concerning. They can cause severe disease and require in-hospital management, monitoring and specific treatment, including the administration of anti-snake venom serum. The Malpolon monspessulanus and Macroprotodon brevis snakes cause mostly localized clinical manifestations, which do not require specific treatment. Only a minority of the spider species in Portugal possess chelicerae (mouthparts of the Chelicerata, shaped as either articulated fangs or pincers, which may contain venom or be connected to the venom glands and are used for predation or capture of food) long enough to perforate the human skin. Nevertheless, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus and Loxosceles rufescens spider bites may require specialized treatment in a hospital setting, as well as careful active symptom surveillance. Diversely, the treatment for Scolopendra cingulata and Scolopendra oraniensis centipedes’ bites is merely symptomatic. The only existing scorpion species in Portugal is the Buthus ibericus; its sting typically causes local symptoms with intense pain, and its treatment consists essentially of analgesia. The insects of the Hymenoptera order, such as bees and wasps, have the ability to inject venom into the skin. Most people present only with local or regional inflammatory response, and symptomatic treatment is usually effective. Even so, individuals with hypersensitivity to bee venom may develop anaphylaxis. Several marine species in the Portuguese coast are venomous to humans, including weeverfish (Trachinidae family), stingrays (Dasyatis pastinaca, Taeniura grabata, Myliobatis aquila), red scorpion fish (Scorpaena scrofa), cnidaria (Pelagia noctiluca, Chrysaora hysoscella, Physalia physalis) and bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata); treatment is symptomatic. Contact with the larvae or bristles (chitinous structures with locomotor or tactile functions) of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (pine processionary) can cause cutaneous, ocular and, rarely, respiratory reactions; its management is also symptomatic.Sofia R. ValdoleirosInês Correia GonçalvesCarolina SilvaDiogo GuerraLino André SilvaFernando Martínez-FreiríaFátima RatoSandra XaráOrdem dos Médicosarticleanimaismordeduras e picadasmordeduras por serpentespicadas por aranhaspicadas por escorpiõesportugalvenenovenenos de serpentesMedicineRMedicine (General)R5-920ENPTActa Médica Portuguesa, Vol 34, Iss 11, Pp 784-795 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN PT
topic	animais mordeduras e picadas mordeduras por serpentes picadas por aranhas picadas por escorpiões portugal veneno venenos de serpentes Medicine R Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	animais mordeduras e picadas mordeduras por serpentes picadas por aranhas picadas por escorpiões portugal veneno venenos de serpentes Medicine R Medicine (General) R5-920 Sofia R. Valdoleiros Inês Correia Gonçalves Carolina Silva Diogo Guerra Lino André Silva Fernando Martínez-Freiría Fátima Rato Sandra Xará Venomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings
description	There are many native species of animals with the potential to cause severe disease in Portugal. Of the four clinically relevant snake species, the vipers (Vipera latastei and Vipera seoanei) are the most concerning. They can cause severe disease and require in-hospital management, monitoring and specific treatment, including the administration of anti-snake venom serum. The Malpolon monspessulanus and Macroprotodon brevis snakes cause mostly localized clinical manifestations, which do not require specific treatment. Only a minority of the spider species in Portugal possess chelicerae (mouthparts of the Chelicerata, shaped as either articulated fangs or pincers, which may contain venom or be connected to the venom glands and are used for predation or capture of food) long enough to perforate the human skin. Nevertheless, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus and Loxosceles rufescens spider bites may require specialized treatment in a hospital setting, as well as careful active symptom surveillance. Diversely, the treatment for Scolopendra cingulata and Scolopendra oraniensis centipedes’ bites is merely symptomatic. The only existing scorpion species in Portugal is the Buthus ibericus; its sting typically causes local symptoms with intense pain, and its treatment consists essentially of analgesia. The insects of the Hymenoptera order, such as bees and wasps, have the ability to inject venom into the skin. Most people present only with local or regional inflammatory response, and symptomatic treatment is usually effective. Even so, individuals with hypersensitivity to bee venom may develop anaphylaxis. Several marine species in the Portuguese coast are venomous to humans, including weeverfish (Trachinidae family), stingrays (Dasyatis pastinaca, Taeniura grabata, Myliobatis aquila), red scorpion fish (Scorpaena scrofa), cnidaria (Pelagia noctiluca, Chrysaora hysoscella, Physalia physalis) and bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata); treatment is symptomatic. Contact with the larvae or bristles (chitinous structures with locomotor or tactile functions) of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (pine processionary) can cause cutaneous, ocular and, rarely, respiratory reactions; its management is also symptomatic.
format	article
author	Sofia R. Valdoleiros Inês Correia Gonçalves Carolina Silva Diogo Guerra Lino André Silva Fernando Martínez-Freiría Fátima Rato Sandra Xará
author_facet	Sofia R. Valdoleiros Inês Correia Gonçalves Carolina Silva Diogo Guerra Lino André Silva Fernando Martínez-Freiría Fátima Rato Sandra Xará
author_sort	Sofia R. Valdoleiros
title	Venomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings
title_short	Venomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings
title_full	Venomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings
title_fullStr	Venomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings
title_full_unstemmed	Venomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings
title_sort	venomous animals in the portuguese territory: clinical management of bites and stings
publisher	Ordem dos Médicos
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/01601e3329df4a7faa9704bb51957f48
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Venomous Animals in the Portuguese Territory: Clinical Management of Bites and Stings

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