Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment

Compartmentalization of the membrane is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks and spatially constrained biochemical functions in topographically defined areas. These membrane lateral heterogeneities range from nanoscopic dimensions, often involving only a few molecular constituents, t...

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Autores principales:	Ana Sofía Vallés, Francisco J. Barrantes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	dendritic spine plasma membrane membrane domains nanodomains neurotransmitter receptors cannabinoids Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/016fd4728bc94b1e898cd93b833004da
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:016fd4728bc94b1e898cd93b833004da2021-11-25T16:53:55ZNanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment10.3390/biom111116972218-273Xhttps://doaj.org/article/016fd4728bc94b1e898cd93b833004da2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/11/1697https://doaj.org/toc/2218-273XCompartmentalization of the membrane is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks and spatially constrained biochemical functions in topographically defined areas. These membrane lateral heterogeneities range from nanoscopic dimensions, often involving only a few molecular constituents, to micron-sized mesoscopic domains resulting from the coalescence of nanodomains. Short-lived domains lasting for a few milliseconds coexist with more stable platforms lasting from minutes to days. This panoply of lateral domains subserves the great variety of demands of cell physiology, particularly high for those implicated in signaling. The dendritic spine, a subcellular structure of neurons at the receiving (postsynaptic) end of central nervous system excitatory synapses, exploits this compartmentalization principle. In its most frequent adult morphology, the mushroom-shaped spine harbors neurotransmitter receptors, enzymes, and scaffolding proteins tightly packed in a volume of a few femtoliters. In addition to constituting a mesoscopic lateral heterogeneity of the dendritic arborization, the dendritic spine postsynaptic membrane is further compartmentalized into spatially delimited nanodomains that execute separate functions in the synapse. This review discusses the functional relevance of compartmentalization and nanodomain organization in synaptic transmission and plasticity and exemplifies the importance of this parcelization in various neurotransmitter signaling systems operating at dendritic spines, using two fast ligand-gated ionotropic receptors, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the glutamatergic receptor, and a second-messenger G-protein coupled receptor, the cannabinoid receptor, as paradigmatic examples.Ana Sofía VallésFrancisco J. BarrantesMDPI AGarticledendritic spineplasma membranemembrane domainsnanodomainsneurotransmitter receptorscannabinoidsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENBiomolecules, Vol 11, Iss 1697, p 1697 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dendritic spine plasma membrane membrane domains nanodomains neurotransmitter receptors cannabinoids Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	dendritic spine plasma membrane membrane domains nanodomains neurotransmitter receptors cannabinoids Microbiology QR1-502 Ana Sofía Vallés Francisco J. Barrantes Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
description	Compartmentalization of the membrane is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks and spatially constrained biochemical functions in topographically defined areas. These membrane lateral heterogeneities range from nanoscopic dimensions, often involving only a few molecular constituents, to micron-sized mesoscopic domains resulting from the coalescence of nanodomains. Short-lived domains lasting for a few milliseconds coexist with more stable platforms lasting from minutes to days. This panoply of lateral domains subserves the great variety of demands of cell physiology, particularly high for those implicated in signaling. The dendritic spine, a subcellular structure of neurons at the receiving (postsynaptic) end of central nervous system excitatory synapses, exploits this compartmentalization principle. In its most frequent adult morphology, the mushroom-shaped spine harbors neurotransmitter receptors, enzymes, and scaffolding proteins tightly packed in a volume of a few femtoliters. In addition to constituting a mesoscopic lateral heterogeneity of the dendritic arborization, the dendritic spine postsynaptic membrane is further compartmentalized into spatially delimited nanodomains that execute separate functions in the synapse. This review discusses the functional relevance of compartmentalization and nanodomain organization in synaptic transmission and plasticity and exemplifies the importance of this parcelization in various neurotransmitter signaling systems operating at dendritic spines, using two fast ligand-gated ionotropic receptors, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the glutamatergic receptor, and a second-messenger G-protein coupled receptor, the cannabinoid receptor, as paradigmatic examples.
format	article
author	Ana Sofía Vallés Francisco J. Barrantes
author_facet	Ana Sofía Vallés Francisco J. Barrantes
author_sort	Ana Sofía Vallés
title	Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_short	Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_full	Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_fullStr	Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_full_unstemmed	Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment
title_sort	nanoscale sub-compartmentalization of the dendritic spine compartment
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/016fd4728bc94b1e898cd93b833004da
work_keys_str_mv	AT anasofiavalles nanoscalesubcompartmentalizationofthedendriticspinecompartment AT franciscojbarrantes nanoscalesubcompartmentalizationofthedendriticspinecompartment
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Nanoscale Sub-Compartmentalization of the Dendritic Spine Compartment

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