Control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli are evolutionarily divergent model organisms whose analysis has enabled elucidation of fundamental differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Despite their differences in cell cycle control at the molecular level, the t...

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Autores principales:	John T. Sauls, Sarah E. Cox, Quynh Do, Victoria Castillo, Zulfar Ghulam-Jelani, Suckjoon Jun
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	cell cycle cell size replication initiation single cell Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/017149128f8447b3b69ea09929c355a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:017149128f8447b3b69ea09929c355a82021-11-15T15:54:45ZControl of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations10.1128/mBio.02205-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/017149128f8447b3b69ea09929c355a82019-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02205-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli are evolutionarily divergent model organisms whose analysis has enabled elucidation of fundamental differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Despite their differences in cell cycle control at the molecular level, the two organisms follow the same phenomenological principle, known as the adder principle, for cell size homeostasis. We thus asked to what extent B. subtilis and E. coli share common physiological principles in coordinating growth and the cell cycle. We measured physiological parameters of B. subtilis under various steady-state growth conditions with and without translation inhibition at both the population and single-cell levels. These experiments revealed core physiological principles shared between B. subtilis and E. coli. Specifically, both organisms maintain an invariant cell size per replication origin at initiation, under all steady-state conditions, and even during nutrient shifts at the single-cell level. Furthermore, the two organisms also inherit the same “hierarchy” of physiological parameters. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the basic principles of coordination between growth and the cell cycle in bacteria may have been established early in evolutionary history. IMPORTANCE High-throughput, quantitative approaches have enabled the discovery of fundamental principles describing bacterial physiology. These principles provide a foundation for predicting the behavior of biological systems, a widely held aspiration. However, these approaches are often exclusively applied to the best-known model organism, E. coli. In this report, we investigate to what extent quantitative principles discovered in Gram-negative E. coli are applicable to Gram-positive B. subtilis. We found that these two extremely divergent bacterial species employ deeply similar strategies in order to coordinate growth, cell size, and the cell cycle. These similarities mean that the quantitative physiological principles described here can likely provide a beachhead for others who wish to understand additional, less-studied prokaryotes.John T. SaulsSarah E. CoxQuynh DoVictoria CastilloZulfar Ghulam-JelaniSuckjoon JunAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlecell cyclecell sizereplication initiationsingle cellMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 6 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cell cycle cell size replication initiation single cell Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	cell cycle cell size replication initiation single cell Microbiology QR1-502 John T. Sauls Sarah E. Cox Quynh Do Victoria Castillo Zulfar Ghulam-Jelani Suckjoon Jun Control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations
description	ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli are evolutionarily divergent model organisms whose analysis has enabled elucidation of fundamental differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Despite their differences in cell cycle control at the molecular level, the two organisms follow the same phenomenological principle, known as the adder principle, for cell size homeostasis. We thus asked to what extent B. subtilis and E. coli share common physiological principles in coordinating growth and the cell cycle. We measured physiological parameters of B. subtilis under various steady-state growth conditions with and without translation inhibition at both the population and single-cell levels. These experiments revealed core physiological principles shared between B. subtilis and E. coli. Specifically, both organisms maintain an invariant cell size per replication origin at initiation, under all steady-state conditions, and even during nutrient shifts at the single-cell level. Furthermore, the two organisms also inherit the same “hierarchy” of physiological parameters. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the basic principles of coordination between growth and the cell cycle in bacteria may have been established early in evolutionary history. IMPORTANCE High-throughput, quantitative approaches have enabled the discovery of fundamental principles describing bacterial physiology. These principles provide a foundation for predicting the behavior of biological systems, a widely held aspiration. However, these approaches are often exclusively applied to the best-known model organism, E. coli. In this report, we investigate to what extent quantitative principles discovered in Gram-negative E. coli are applicable to Gram-positive B. subtilis. We found that these two extremely divergent bacterial species employ deeply similar strategies in order to coordinate growth, cell size, and the cell cycle. These similarities mean that the quantitative physiological principles described here can likely provide a beachhead for others who wish to understand additional, less-studied prokaryotes.
format	article
author	John T. Sauls Sarah E. Cox Quynh Do Victoria Castillo Zulfar Ghulam-Jelani Suckjoon Jun
author_facet	John T. Sauls Sarah E. Cox Quynh Do Victoria Castillo Zulfar Ghulam-Jelani Suckjoon Jun
author_sort	John T. Sauls
title	Control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations
title_short	Control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations
title_full	Control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations
title_fullStr	Control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations
title_full_unstemmed	Control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations
title_sort	control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">bacillus subtilis</named-content> replication initiation during physiological transitions and perturbations
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/017149128f8447b3b69ea09929c355a8
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Control of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Replication Initiation during Physiological Transitions and Perturbations

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