A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant

Abstract Insect-induced galls are microhabitats distinct from the outer environment that support inhabitants by providing improved nutrients, defence against enemies, and other unique features. It is intriguing as to how insects reprogram and modify plant morphogenesis. Because most of the gall syst...

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Autores principales:	Ryo Murakami, Ryo Ushima, Ryoma Sugimoto, Daisuke Tamaoki, Ichirou Karahara, Yuko Hanba, Tatsuya Wakasugi, Tsutomu Tsuchida
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0175644b7de44779a1e0842d4f533b08
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0175644b7de44779a1e0842d4f533b082021-12-02T16:06:08ZA new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant10.1038/s41598-021-92417-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0175644b7de44779a1e0842d4f533b082021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92417-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Insect-induced galls are microhabitats distinct from the outer environment that support inhabitants by providing improved nutrients, defence against enemies, and other unique features. It is intriguing as to how insects reprogram and modify plant morphogenesis. Because most of the gall systems are formed on trees, it is difficult to maintain them in laboratories and to comprehend the mechanisms operative in them through experimental manipulations. Herein, we propose a new model insect, Smicronyx madaranus, for studying the mechanisms of gall formation. This weevil forms spherical galls on the shoots of Cuscuta campestris, an obligate parasitic plant. We established a stable system for breeding and maintaining this ecologically intriguing insect in the laboratory, and succeeded in detailed analyses of the gall-forming behaviour, gall formation process, and histochemical and physiological features. Parasitic C. campestris depends on host plants for its nutrients, and usually shows low chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. We demonstrate that S. madaranus-induced galls have significantly increased CO2 absorbance. Moreover, chloroplasts and starch accumulated in gall tissues at locations inhabited by the weevil larvae. These results suggest that the gall-inducing weevils enhance the photosynthetic activity in C. campestris, and modify the plant tissue to a nutrient-rich shelter for them.Ryo MurakamiRyo UshimaRyoma SugimotoDaisuke TamaokiIchirou KaraharaYuko HanbaTatsuya WakasugiTsutomu TsuchidaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ryo Murakami Ryo Ushima Ryoma Sugimoto Daisuke Tamaoki Ichirou Karahara Yuko Hanba Tatsuya Wakasugi Tsutomu Tsuchida A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant
description	Abstract Insect-induced galls are microhabitats distinct from the outer environment that support inhabitants by providing improved nutrients, defence against enemies, and other unique features. It is intriguing as to how insects reprogram and modify plant morphogenesis. Because most of the gall systems are formed on trees, it is difficult to maintain them in laboratories and to comprehend the mechanisms operative in them through experimental manipulations. Herein, we propose a new model insect, Smicronyx madaranus, for studying the mechanisms of gall formation. This weevil forms spherical galls on the shoots of Cuscuta campestris, an obligate parasitic plant. We established a stable system for breeding and maintaining this ecologically intriguing insect in the laboratory, and succeeded in detailed analyses of the gall-forming behaviour, gall formation process, and histochemical and physiological features. Parasitic C. campestris depends on host plants for its nutrients, and usually shows low chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. We demonstrate that S. madaranus-induced galls have significantly increased CO2 absorbance. Moreover, chloroplasts and starch accumulated in gall tissues at locations inhabited by the weevil larvae. These results suggest that the gall-inducing weevils enhance the photosynthetic activity in C. campestris, and modify the plant tissue to a nutrient-rich shelter for them.
format	article
author	Ryo Murakami Ryo Ushima Ryoma Sugimoto Daisuke Tamaoki Ichirou Karahara Yuko Hanba Tatsuya Wakasugi Tsutomu Tsuchida
author_facet	Ryo Murakami Ryo Ushima Ryoma Sugimoto Daisuke Tamaoki Ichirou Karahara Yuko Hanba Tatsuya Wakasugi Tsutomu Tsuchida
author_sort	Ryo Murakami
title	A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant
title_short	A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant
title_full	A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant
title_fullStr	A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant
title_full_unstemmed	A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant
title_sort	new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0175644b7de44779a1e0842d4f533b08
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A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant

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