New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic

Funerary usage of Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão began at the onset of the Neolithic and continued until Early Medieval times. At Cisterna, the thin Holocene deposit was unstratified; at Caldeirão, the stratigraphic sequence underwent post-depositional disturbance. Using radioc...

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Autor principal:	Zilhão João
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2021
Materias:	cardial epicardial radiocarbon burial cave Archaeology CC1-960
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/019a2630c6ed42ae87ad0f8fddb3ec94
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:019a2630c6ed42ae87ad0f8fddb3ec94
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:019a2630c6ed42ae87ad0f8fddb3ec942021-12-05T14:10:59ZNew Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic2300-656010.1515/opar-2020-0163https://doaj.org/article/019a2630c6ed42ae87ad0f8fddb3ec942021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0163https://doaj.org/toc/2300-6560Funerary usage of Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão began at the onset of the Neolithic and continued until Early Medieval times. At Cisterna, the thin Holocene deposit was unstratified; at Caldeirão, the stratigraphic sequence underwent post-depositional disturbance. Using radiocarbon dating, typological considerations, spatial distribution patterns, and physical anthropological data, these palimpsests can be disentangled to a significant extent. At both sites, the earliest depositions fall in the c. 5250–5500 cal BC interval and are associated with large numbers of beads. Wares extensively decorated with shell and comb impressions are likely to belong in this phase. Another style of decoration – shell impressions forming bands below the rim and garlands between prehension knobs – probably dates to a slightly later time. Burial continued at both sites through the c. 5000–5250 cal BC time range, but which decorative styles were then in fashion remains difficult to ascertain; it is likely that the irregular arrangements of shell impressions seen in some Cisterna vessels are among them. At Caldeirão, non-Cardial impressed and incised wares date to c. 4500–5000 cal BC, while undecorated wares are associated with human bone samples demonstrating two different periods of burial during the c. 3500–4000 cal BC interval. Most if not all of the nine Cardial individuals directly dated at the two sites died coevally with the more recent of the Mesolithic interments found in the shell-midden sites of the Tagus estuary.Zilhão JoãoDe GruyterarticlecardialepicardialradiocarbonburialcaveArchaeologyCC1-960ENOpen Archaeology, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 747-764 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cardial epicardial radiocarbon burial cave Archaeology CC1-960
spellingShingle	cardial epicardial radiocarbon burial cave Archaeology CC1-960 Zilhão João New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic
description	Funerary usage of Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão began at the onset of the Neolithic and continued until Early Medieval times. At Cisterna, the thin Holocene deposit was unstratified; at Caldeirão, the stratigraphic sequence underwent post-depositional disturbance. Using radiocarbon dating, typological considerations, spatial distribution patterns, and physical anthropological data, these palimpsests can be disentangled to a significant extent. At both sites, the earliest depositions fall in the c. 5250–5500 cal BC interval and are associated with large numbers of beads. Wares extensively decorated with shell and comb impressions are likely to belong in this phase. Another style of decoration – shell impressions forming bands below the rim and garlands between prehension knobs – probably dates to a slightly later time. Burial continued at both sites through the c. 5000–5250 cal BC time range, but which decorative styles were then in fashion remains difficult to ascertain; it is likely that the irregular arrangements of shell impressions seen in some Cisterna vessels are among them. At Caldeirão, non-Cardial impressed and incised wares date to c. 4500–5000 cal BC, while undecorated wares are associated with human bone samples demonstrating two different periods of burial during the c. 3500–4000 cal BC interval. Most if not all of the nine Cardial individuals directly dated at the two sites died coevally with the more recent of the Mesolithic interments found in the shell-midden sites of the Tagus estuary.
format	article
author	Zilhão João
author_facet	Zilhão João
author_sort	Zilhão João
title	New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic
title_short	New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic
title_full	New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic
title_fullStr	New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic
title_full_unstemmed	New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic
title_sort	new evidence from galeria da cisterna (almonda) and gruta do caldeirão on the phasing of central portugal’s early neolithic
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/019a2630c6ed42ae87ad0f8fddb3ec94
work_keys_str_mv	AT zilhaojoao newevidencefromgaleriadacisternaalmondaandgrutadocaldeiraoonthephasingofcentralportugalsearlyneolithic
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New Evidence from Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão on the Phasing of Central Portugal’s Early Neolithic

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