Sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?

The vast majority of people experience involuntary musical imagery (INMI) or 'earworms'; perceptions of spontaneous, repetitive musical sound in the absence of an external source. The majority of INMI episodes are not bothersome, while some cause disruption ranging from distraction to anxi...

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Autores principales:	Victoria J Williamson, Lassi A Liikkanen, Kelly Jakubowski, Lauren Stewart
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01a8361ff0fd4ac4af8700a86f96f72b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01a8361ff0fd4ac4af8700a86f96f72b2021-11-18T08:34:42ZSticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0086170https://doaj.org/article/01a8361ff0fd4ac4af8700a86f96f72b2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24497938/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The vast majority of people experience involuntary musical imagery (INMI) or 'earworms'; perceptions of spontaneous, repetitive musical sound in the absence of an external source. The majority of INMI episodes are not bothersome, while some cause disruption ranging from distraction to anxiety and distress. To date, little is known about how the majority of people react to INMI, in particular whether evaluation of the experience impacts on chosen response behaviours or if attempts at controlling INMI are successful or not. The present study classified 1046 reports of how people react to INMI episodes. Two laboratories in Finland and the UK conducted an identical qualitative analysis protocol on reports of INMI reactions and derived visual descriptive models of the outcomes using grounded theory techniques. Combined analysis carried out across the two studies confirmed that many INMI episodes were considered neutral or pleasant, with passive acceptance and enjoyment being among the most popular response behaviours. A significant number of people, however, reported on attempts to cope with unwanted INMI. The most popular and effective behaviours in response to INMI were seeking out the tune in question, and musical or verbal distraction. The outcomes of this study contribute to our understanding of the aetiology of INMI, in particular within the framework of memory theory, and present testable hypotheses for future research on successful INMI coping strategies.Victoria J WilliamsonLassi A LiikkanenKelly JakubowskiLauren StewartPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e86170 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Victoria J Williamson Lassi A Liikkanen Kelly Jakubowski Lauren Stewart Sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?
description	The vast majority of people experience involuntary musical imagery (INMI) or 'earworms'; perceptions of spontaneous, repetitive musical sound in the absence of an external source. The majority of INMI episodes are not bothersome, while some cause disruption ranging from distraction to anxiety and distress. To date, little is known about how the majority of people react to INMI, in particular whether evaluation of the experience impacts on chosen response behaviours or if attempts at controlling INMI are successful or not. The present study classified 1046 reports of how people react to INMI episodes. Two laboratories in Finland and the UK conducted an identical qualitative analysis protocol on reports of INMI reactions and derived visual descriptive models of the outcomes using grounded theory techniques. Combined analysis carried out across the two studies confirmed that many INMI episodes were considered neutral or pleasant, with passive acceptance and enjoyment being among the most popular response behaviours. A significant number of people, however, reported on attempts to cope with unwanted INMI. The most popular and effective behaviours in response to INMI were seeking out the tune in question, and musical or verbal distraction. The outcomes of this study contribute to our understanding of the aetiology of INMI, in particular within the framework of memory theory, and present testable hypotheses for future research on successful INMI coping strategies.
format	article
author	Victoria J Williamson Lassi A Liikkanen Kelly Jakubowski Lauren Stewart
author_facet	Victoria J Williamson Lassi A Liikkanen Kelly Jakubowski Lauren Stewart
author_sort	Victoria J Williamson
title	Sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?
title_short	Sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?
title_full	Sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?
title_fullStr	Sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?
title_full_unstemmed	Sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?
title_sort	sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/01a8361ff0fd4ac4af8700a86f96f72b
work_keys_str_mv	AT victoriajwilliamson stickytuneshowdopeoplereacttoinvoluntarymusicalimagery AT lassialiikkanen stickytuneshowdopeoplereacttoinvoluntarymusicalimagery AT kellyjakubowski stickytuneshowdopeoplereacttoinvoluntarymusicalimagery AT laurenstewart stickytuneshowdopeoplereacttoinvoluntarymusicalimagery
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Sticky tunes: how do people react to involuntary musical imagery?

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