The first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics

Water-soluble polymers (WSPs) are organic materials that have been used for decades in various applications as part of paints, coatings, adhesives, washing agents, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and cosmetics. However, their ecotoxicity, biodegradability, and overall impact on the environme...

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Autores principales:	Ula Rozman, Gabriela Kalčíková
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Aquatic toxicity Biodegradation Polyacrylic acid Water-soluble polymers Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01c7a4da9f1345aeb2971728a17ee6bf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01c7a4da9f1345aeb2971728a17ee6bf2021-11-26T04:23:27ZThe first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113016https://doaj.org/article/01c7a4da9f1345aeb2971728a17ee6bf2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321011283https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513Water-soluble polymers (WSPs) are organic materials that have been used for decades in various applications as part of paints, coatings, adhesives, washing agents, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and cosmetics. However, their ecotoxicity, biodegradability, and overall impact on the environment are still unknown. In this study four polyacrylic acid- based WSPs (three in the solid state and one in the liquid state), which are widely used in cosmetic industry, were tested in terms of their ecotoxicity and biodegradability. The ecotoxicity tests were performed using aquatic plant Lemna minor, microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, crustacean Daphnia magna, bacterium Allivibrio fischeri, and a mixed bacterial culture of activated sludge (with heterotrophic and nitrifying microorganisms tested separately). All four WSPs had low or moderate effects on the tested organisms at several endpoints. However, the liquid WSP had a specific toxic effect on the bioluminescence of Allivibrio fischeri and the oxygen consumption of nitrifying microorganisms – 100 mg/L caused 73% and 88% inhibition, respectively. Therefore, some WSPs capable of inhibiting nitrifying microorganisms could have implications for the nitrification process in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic ecosystems, despite 100 mg/L being a high tested concentration and probably difficult to reach in wastewater. All investigated WSPs were not biodegradable; therefore, their persistence in the environment could be expected.Ula RozmanGabriela KalčíkováElsevierarticleAquatic toxicityBiodegradationPolyacrylic acidWater-soluble polymersEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 228, Iss , Pp 113016- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Aquatic toxicity Biodegradation Polyacrylic acid Water-soluble polymers Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Aquatic toxicity Biodegradation Polyacrylic acid Water-soluble polymers Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ula Rozman Gabriela Kalčíková The first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics
description	Water-soluble polymers (WSPs) are organic materials that have been used for decades in various applications as part of paints, coatings, adhesives, washing agents, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and cosmetics. However, their ecotoxicity, biodegradability, and overall impact on the environment are still unknown. In this study four polyacrylic acid- based WSPs (three in the solid state and one in the liquid state), which are widely used in cosmetic industry, were tested in terms of their ecotoxicity and biodegradability. The ecotoxicity tests were performed using aquatic plant Lemna minor, microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, crustacean Daphnia magna, bacterium Allivibrio fischeri, and a mixed bacterial culture of activated sludge (with heterotrophic and nitrifying microorganisms tested separately). All four WSPs had low or moderate effects on the tested organisms at several endpoints. However, the liquid WSP had a specific toxic effect on the bioluminescence of Allivibrio fischeri and the oxygen consumption of nitrifying microorganisms – 100 mg/L caused 73% and 88% inhibition, respectively. Therefore, some WSPs capable of inhibiting nitrifying microorganisms could have implications for the nitrification process in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic ecosystems, despite 100 mg/L being a high tested concentration and probably difficult to reach in wastewater. All investigated WSPs were not biodegradable; therefore, their persistence in the environment could be expected.
format	article
author	Ula Rozman Gabriela Kalčíková
author_facet	Ula Rozman Gabriela Kalčíková
author_sort	Ula Rozman
title	The first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics
title_short	The first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics
title_full	The first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics
title_fullStr	The first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics
title_full_unstemmed	The first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics
title_sort	first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/01c7a4da9f1345aeb2971728a17ee6bf
work_keys_str_mv	AT ularozman thefirstcomprehensivestudyevaluatingtheecotoxicityandbiodegradabilityofwatersolublepolymersusedinpersonalcareproductsandcosmetics AT gabrielakalcikova thefirstcomprehensivestudyevaluatingtheecotoxicityandbiodegradabilityofwatersolublepolymersusedinpersonalcareproductsandcosmetics AT ularozman firstcomprehensivestudyevaluatingtheecotoxicityandbiodegradabilityofwatersolublepolymersusedinpersonalcareproductsandcosmetics AT gabrielakalcikova firstcomprehensivestudyevaluatingtheecotoxicityandbiodegradabilityofwatersolublepolymersusedinpersonalcareproductsandcosmetics
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The first comprehensive study evaluating the ecotoxicity and biodegradability of water-soluble polymers used in personal care products and cosmetics

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