Lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.

Rapidly emerging insecticide resistance is creating an urgent need for new active ingredients to control the adult mosquitoes that vector malaria. Biopesticides based on the spores of entomopathogenic fungi have shown considerable promise by causing very substantial mortality within 7-14 days of exp...

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Autores principales:	Simon Blanford, Wangpeng Shi, Riann Christian, James H Marden, Lizette L Koekemoer, Basil D Brooke, Maureen Coetzee, Andrew F Read, Matthew B Thomas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01cd96ec7ab945568b018cfe701abfc7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01cd96ec7ab945568b018cfe701abfc72021-11-18T06:47:08ZLethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0023591https://doaj.org/article/01cd96ec7ab945568b018cfe701abfc72011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21897846/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Rapidly emerging insecticide resistance is creating an urgent need for new active ingredients to control the adult mosquitoes that vector malaria. Biopesticides based on the spores of entomopathogenic fungi have shown considerable promise by causing very substantial mortality within 7-14 days of exposure. This mortality will generate excellent malaria control if there is a high likelihood that mosquitoes contact fungi early in their adult lives. However, where contact rates are lower, as might result from poor pesticide coverage, some mosquitoes will contact fungi one or more feeding cycles after they acquire malaria, and so risk transmitting malaria before the fungus kills them. Critics have argued that 'slow acting' fungal biopesticides are, therefore, incapable of delivering malaria control in real-world contexts. Here, utilizing standard WHO laboratory protocols, we demonstrate effective action of a biopesticide much faster than previously reported. Specifically, we show that transient exposure to clay tiles sprayed with a candidate biopesticide comprising spores of a natural isolate of Beauveria bassiana, could reduce malaria transmission potential to zero within a feeding cycle. The effect resulted from a combination of high mortality and rapid fungal-induced reduction in feeding and flight capacity. Additionally, multiple insecticide-resistant lines from three key African malaria vector species were completely susceptible to fungus. Thus, fungal biopesticides can block transmission on a par with chemical insecticides, and can achieve this where chemical insecticides have little impact. These results support broadening the current vector control paradigm beyond fast-acting chemical toxins.Simon BlanfordWangpeng ShiRiann ChristianJames H MardenLizette L KoekemoerBasil D BrookeMaureen CoetzeeAndrew F ReadMatthew B ThomasPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 8, p e23591 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Simon Blanford Wangpeng Shi Riann Christian James H Marden Lizette L Koekemoer Basil D Brooke Maureen Coetzee Andrew F Read Matthew B Thomas Lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.
description	Rapidly emerging insecticide resistance is creating an urgent need for new active ingredients to control the adult mosquitoes that vector malaria. Biopesticides based on the spores of entomopathogenic fungi have shown considerable promise by causing very substantial mortality within 7-14 days of exposure. This mortality will generate excellent malaria control if there is a high likelihood that mosquitoes contact fungi early in their adult lives. However, where contact rates are lower, as might result from poor pesticide coverage, some mosquitoes will contact fungi one or more feeding cycles after they acquire malaria, and so risk transmitting malaria before the fungus kills them. Critics have argued that 'slow acting' fungal biopesticides are, therefore, incapable of delivering malaria control in real-world contexts. Here, utilizing standard WHO laboratory protocols, we demonstrate effective action of a biopesticide much faster than previously reported. Specifically, we show that transient exposure to clay tiles sprayed with a candidate biopesticide comprising spores of a natural isolate of Beauveria bassiana, could reduce malaria transmission potential to zero within a feeding cycle. The effect resulted from a combination of high mortality and rapid fungal-induced reduction in feeding and flight capacity. Additionally, multiple insecticide-resistant lines from three key African malaria vector species were completely susceptible to fungus. Thus, fungal biopesticides can block transmission on a par with chemical insecticides, and can achieve this where chemical insecticides have little impact. These results support broadening the current vector control paradigm beyond fast-acting chemical toxins.
format	article
author	Simon Blanford Wangpeng Shi Riann Christian James H Marden Lizette L Koekemoer Basil D Brooke Maureen Coetzee Andrew F Read Matthew B Thomas
author_facet	Simon Blanford Wangpeng Shi Riann Christian James H Marden Lizette L Koekemoer Basil D Brooke Maureen Coetzee Andrew F Read Matthew B Thomas
author_sort	Simon Blanford
title	Lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.
title_short	Lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.
title_full	Lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.
title_fullStr	Lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.
title_full_unstemmed	Lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.
title_sort	lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/01cd96ec7ab945568b018cfe701abfc7
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Lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors.

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