Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review

Debra J Stultz, Savanna Osburn, Tyler Burns, Sylvia Pawlowska-Wajswol, Robin Walton Stultz Sleep & Behavioral Health, Barboursville, WV 25504, USACorrespondence: Debra J StultzStultz Sleep & Behavioral Health, 6171 Childers Road, Barboursville, WV 25504, USATel +1 304-733-5380Fax +1...

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Autores principales:	Stultz DJ, Osburn S, Burns T, Pawlowska-Wajswol S, Walton R
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation related seizures transcranial magnetic stimulation safety transcranial magnetic stimulation in epilepsy patients head injuries and transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01db76717be3427a89d656e7f1b6d384
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01db76717be3427a89d656e7f1b6d3842021-12-02T15:18:25ZTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/01db76717be3427a89d656e7f1b6d3842020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-tms-safety-with-respect-to-seizures--peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Debra J Stultz, Savanna Osburn, Tyler Burns, Sylvia Pawlowska-Wajswol, Robin Walton Stultz Sleep & Behavioral Health, Barboursville, WV 25504, USACorrespondence: Debra J StultzStultz Sleep & Behavioral Health, 6171 Childers Road, Barboursville, WV 25504, USATel +1 304-733-5380Fax +1 304-733-5796Email wvsleepdoc@stultzsleep.comAbstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an increasingly popular FDA-approved treatment for resistant depression, migraines, and OCD. Research is also underway for its use in various other psychiatric and medical disorders. Although rare, seizures are a potential adverse event of TMS treatment. In this article, we discuss TMS-related seizures with the various coils used to deliver TMS, the risk factors associated with seizures, the differential diagnosis of its presentations, the effects of sleep deprivation and alcohol use on seizures, as well as seizure risks with protocols for traditional TMS, theta-burst stimulation, and accelerated TMS. A discussion is presented comparing the potential risk of seizures with various psychotropic medications versus TMS. Included are case reports of TMS seizures in the child/adolescent patient, bipolar disorder patients, patients with a history of a traumatic brain injury, and those with epilepsy. Reports are also shared on TMS use without seizures in patients with a history of head injuries and TMS’s continued use if patients have a seizure during their TMS treatment. Findings generated in this review suggest the following. Seizures, if present, are usually self-limiting. Most treatment recommendations for TMS-related seizures are supportive in nature. The risk of TMS-related seizures is < 1% overall. TMS has successfully been used in patients with epilepsy, traumatic brain injuries, and those with a prior TMS-related seizure. The rate of TMS-related seizures is comparable to that of most psychotropic medications. While having a seizure is a rare but serious adverse effect of TMS, the benefits of treating refractory depression with TMS may outweigh the risk of suicidal ideation and other significant complications of depression.Keywords: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation-related seizures, transcranial magnetic stimulation safety, transcranial magnetic stimulation in epilepsy patients, head injuries and transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescentsStultz DJOsburn SBurns TPawlowska-Wajswol SWalton RDove Medical Pressarticletranscranial magnetic stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation related seizures transcranial magnetic stimulation safety transcranial magnetic stimulation in epilepsy patients head injuries and transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescentsNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 16, Pp 2989-3000 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation related seizures transcranial magnetic stimulation safety transcranial magnetic stimulation in epilepsy patients head injuries and transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation related seizures transcranial magnetic stimulation safety transcranial magnetic stimulation in epilepsy patients head injuries and transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Stultz DJ Osburn S Burns T Pawlowska-Wajswol S Walton R Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review
description	Debra J Stultz, Savanna Osburn, Tyler Burns, Sylvia Pawlowska-Wajswol, Robin Walton Stultz Sleep & Behavioral Health, Barboursville, WV 25504, USACorrespondence: Debra J StultzStultz Sleep & Behavioral Health, 6171 Childers Road, Barboursville, WV 25504, USATel +1 304-733-5380Fax +1 304-733-5796Email wvsleepdoc@stultzsleep.comAbstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an increasingly popular FDA-approved treatment for resistant depression, migraines, and OCD. Research is also underway for its use in various other psychiatric and medical disorders. Although rare, seizures are a potential adverse event of TMS treatment. In this article, we discuss TMS-related seizures with the various coils used to deliver TMS, the risk factors associated with seizures, the differential diagnosis of its presentations, the effects of sleep deprivation and alcohol use on seizures, as well as seizure risks with protocols for traditional TMS, theta-burst stimulation, and accelerated TMS. A discussion is presented comparing the potential risk of seizures with various psychotropic medications versus TMS. Included are case reports of TMS seizures in the child/adolescent patient, bipolar disorder patients, patients with a history of a traumatic brain injury, and those with epilepsy. Reports are also shared on TMS use without seizures in patients with a history of head injuries and TMS’s continued use if patients have a seizure during their TMS treatment. Findings generated in this review suggest the following. Seizures, if present, are usually self-limiting. Most treatment recommendations for TMS-related seizures are supportive in nature. The risk of TMS-related seizures is < 1% overall. TMS has successfully been used in patients with epilepsy, traumatic brain injuries, and those with a prior TMS-related seizure. The rate of TMS-related seizures is comparable to that of most psychotropic medications. While having a seizure is a rare but serious adverse effect of TMS, the benefits of treating refractory depression with TMS may outweigh the risk of suicidal ideation and other significant complications of depression.Keywords: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation-related seizures, transcranial magnetic stimulation safety, transcranial magnetic stimulation in epilepsy patients, head injuries and transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents
format	article
author	Stultz DJ Osburn S Burns T Pawlowska-Wajswol S Walton R
author_facet	Stultz DJ Osburn S Burns T Pawlowska-Wajswol S Walton R
author_sort	Stultz DJ
title	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review
title_short	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review
title_full	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review
title_fullStr	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review
title_sort	transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) safety with respect to seizures: a literature review
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/01db76717be3427a89d656e7f1b6d384
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Safety with Respect to Seizures: A Literature Review

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