Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon.
Floodplains represent critical nursery habitats for a variety of fish species due to their highly productive food webs, yet few tools exist to quantify the extent to which these habitats contribute to ecosystem-level production. Here we conducted a large-scale field experiment to characterize differ...
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oai:doaj.org-article:01dd46d20120411286c2ab64ea6d6a912021-12-02T20:16:32ZBiogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257444https://doaj.org/article/01dd46d20120411286c2ab64ea6d6a912021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257444https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Floodplains represent critical nursery habitats for a variety of fish species due to their highly productive food webs, yet few tools exist to quantify the extent to which these habitats contribute to ecosystem-level production. Here we conducted a large-scale field experiment to characterize differences in food web composition and stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ³⁴S) for salmon rearing on a large floodplain and adjacent river in the Central Valley, California, USA. The study covered variable hydrologic conditions including flooding (1999, 2017), average (2016), and drought (2012-2015). In addition, we determined incorporation rates and tissue fractionation between prey and muscle from fish held in enclosed locations (experimental fields, cages) at weekly intervals. Finally, we measured δ³⁴S in otoliths to test if these archival biominerals could be used to reconstruct floodplain use. Floodplain-reared salmon had a different diet composition and lower δ13C and δ³⁴S (δ¹³C = -33.02±2.66‰, δ³⁴S = -3.47±2.28‰; mean±1SD) compared to fish in the adjacent river (δ¹³C = -28.37±1.84‰, δ³⁴S = +2.23±2.25‰). These isotopic differences between habitats persisted across years of extreme droughts and floods. Despite the different diet composition, δ¹⁵N values from prey items on the floodplain (δ¹⁵N = 7.19±1.22‰) and river (δ¹⁵N = 7.25±1.46‰) were similar, suggesting similar trophic levels. The food web differences in δ13C and δ³⁴S between habitats were also reflected in salmon muscle tissue, reaching equilibrium between 24-30 days (2014, δ¹³C = -30.74±0.73‰, δ³⁴S = -4.6±0.68‰; 2016, δ¹³C = -34.74 ±0.49‰, δ³⁴S = -5.18±0.46‰). δ³⁴S measured in sequential growth bands in otoliths recorded a weekly time-series of shifting diet inputs, with the outermost layers recording time spent on the floodplain (δ³⁴S = -5.60±0.16‰) and river (δ³⁴S = 3.73±0.98‰). Our results suggest that δ¹³C and δ³⁴S can be used to differentiate floodplain and river rearing habitats used by native fishes, such as Chinook Salmon, across different hydrologic conditions and tissues. Together these stable isotope analyses provide a toolset to quantify the role of floodplains as fish habitats.Miranda Bell-TilcockCarson A JeffresAndrew L RypelMalte WillmesRichard A ArmstrongPeter HoldenPeter B MoyleNann A FangueJacob V E KatzTed R SommerJ Louise ConradRachel C JohnsonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0257444 (2021) |
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Medicine R Science Q Miranda Bell-Tilcock Carson A Jeffres Andrew L Rypel Malte Willmes Richard A Armstrong Peter Holden Peter B Moyle Nann A Fangue Jacob V E Katz Ted R Sommer J Louise Conrad Rachel C Johnson Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon. |
| description |
Floodplains represent critical nursery habitats for a variety of fish species due to their highly productive food webs, yet few tools exist to quantify the extent to which these habitats contribute to ecosystem-level production. Here we conducted a large-scale field experiment to characterize differences in food web composition and stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ³⁴S) for salmon rearing on a large floodplain and adjacent river in the Central Valley, California, USA. The study covered variable hydrologic conditions including flooding (1999, 2017), average (2016), and drought (2012-2015). In addition, we determined incorporation rates and tissue fractionation between prey and muscle from fish held in enclosed locations (experimental fields, cages) at weekly intervals. Finally, we measured δ³⁴S in otoliths to test if these archival biominerals could be used to reconstruct floodplain use. Floodplain-reared salmon had a different diet composition and lower δ13C and δ³⁴S (δ¹³C = -33.02±2.66‰, δ³⁴S = -3.47±2.28‰; mean±1SD) compared to fish in the adjacent river (δ¹³C = -28.37±1.84‰, δ³⁴S = +2.23±2.25‰). These isotopic differences between habitats persisted across years of extreme droughts and floods. Despite the different diet composition, δ¹⁵N values from prey items on the floodplain (δ¹⁵N = 7.19±1.22‰) and river (δ¹⁵N = 7.25±1.46‰) were similar, suggesting similar trophic levels. The food web differences in δ13C and δ³⁴S between habitats were also reflected in salmon muscle tissue, reaching equilibrium between 24-30 days (2014, δ¹³C = -30.74±0.73‰, δ³⁴S = -4.6±0.68‰; 2016, δ¹³C = -34.74 ±0.49‰, δ³⁴S = -5.18±0.46‰). δ³⁴S measured in sequential growth bands in otoliths recorded a weekly time-series of shifting diet inputs, with the outermost layers recording time spent on the floodplain (δ³⁴S = -5.60±0.16‰) and river (δ³⁴S = 3.73±0.98‰). Our results suggest that δ¹³C and δ³⁴S can be used to differentiate floodplain and river rearing habitats used by native fishes, such as Chinook Salmon, across different hydrologic conditions and tissues. Together these stable isotope analyses provide a toolset to quantify the role of floodplains as fish habitats. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Miranda Bell-Tilcock Carson A Jeffres Andrew L Rypel Malte Willmes Richard A Armstrong Peter Holden Peter B Moyle Nann A Fangue Jacob V E Katz Ted R Sommer J Louise Conrad Rachel C Johnson |
| author_facet |
Miranda Bell-Tilcock Carson A Jeffres Andrew L Rypel Malte Willmes Richard A Armstrong Peter Holden Peter B Moyle Nann A Fangue Jacob V E Katz Ted R Sommer J Louise Conrad Rachel C Johnson |
| author_sort |
Miranda Bell-Tilcock |
| title |
Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon. |
| title_short |
Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon. |
| title_full |
Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon. |
| title_fullStr |
Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon. |
| title_sort |
biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/01dd46d20120411286c2ab64ea6d6a91 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
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