Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Abstract This paper assesses water quality that is used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A mixed-method of research design was employed in this study to collect and analyze the data based on survey instruments. The paper found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is usually used...

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Autores principales:	Clement Kamil Abdallah, Khaldoon A. Mourad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/01f1ce562c564bc9a2e4537de6744426
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:01f1ce562c564bc9a2e4537de67444262021-12-02T13:30:11ZAssessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana10.1038/s41598-021-84617-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/01f1ce562c564bc9a2e4537de67444262021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84617-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This paper assesses water quality that is used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A mixed-method of research design was employed in this study to collect and analyze the data based on survey instruments. The paper found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is usually used as an indicator of water contamination and heavy metals exist in all taken water samples. The mean concentrations of nutrients such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate were recorded as 0.022 mg/l to 5.98 mg/l for ammonia, 1.06 mg/l to 7.52 mg/l for nitrate, 0.031 mg/l to 0.056 mg/l for nitrate and 0.037 mg/l to 0.069 mg/l for phosphate. E. coli and Total Coliforms levels for Sanghani, Kamina and Waterworks from the laboratory analysis were recorded as 3.2 × 103 CFU 100 m/l and 5.5 × 102 CFU 100 m/l, 4.0 × 103 CFU 100 m/l and 1 × 102 CFU 100 m/l, and 2.1 × 103 CFU 100 m/l and 4.6 × 102 CFU 100 m/l respectively. To conclude, based on the measured parameters, water used for irrigation in the Tamale Metropolitan is polluted and may cause potential health risks. Therefore, farmers, traders and consumers need to apply further safety measures to make the vegetables safe.Clement Kamil AbdallahKhaldoon A. MouradNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Clement Kamil Abdallah Khaldoon A. Mourad Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
description	Abstract This paper assesses water quality that is used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A mixed-method of research design was employed in this study to collect and analyze the data based on survey instruments. The paper found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is usually used as an indicator of water contamination and heavy metals exist in all taken water samples. The mean concentrations of nutrients such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate were recorded as 0.022 mg/l to 5.98 mg/l for ammonia, 1.06 mg/l to 7.52 mg/l for nitrate, 0.031 mg/l to 0.056 mg/l for nitrate and 0.037 mg/l to 0.069 mg/l for phosphate. E. coli and Total Coliforms levels for Sanghani, Kamina and Waterworks from the laboratory analysis were recorded as 3.2 × 103 CFU 100 m/l and 5.5 × 102 CFU 100 m/l, 4.0 × 103 CFU 100 m/l and 1 × 102 CFU 100 m/l, and 2.1 × 103 CFU 100 m/l and 4.6 × 102 CFU 100 m/l respectively. To conclude, based on the measured parameters, water used for irrigation in the Tamale Metropolitan is polluted and may cause potential health risks. Therefore, farmers, traders and consumers need to apply further safety measures to make the vegetables safe.
format	article
author	Clement Kamil Abdallah Khaldoon A. Mourad
author_facet	Clement Kamil Abdallah Khaldoon A. Mourad
author_sort	Clement Kamil Abdallah
title	Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
title_short	Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
title_full	Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
title_fullStr	Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
title_sort	assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in tamale metropolis, ghana
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/01f1ce562c564bc9a2e4537de6744426
work_keys_str_mv	AT clementkamilabdallah assessingthequalityofwaterusedforvegetableirrigationintamalemetropolisghana AT khaldoonamourad assessingthequalityofwaterusedforvegetableirrigationintamalemetropolisghana
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Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

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