Passive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.

<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about the diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for passive screening of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Côte d'Ivoire. We determined HAT prevalence among clinical suspects, identified clinical symptoms and signs associated...

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Autores principales:	Minayégninrin Koné, Dramane Kaba, Jacques Kaboré, Lian Francesca Thomas, Laura Cristina Falzon, Mathurin Koffi, Cyrille Mambo Kouamé, Bernardin Ahouty, Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré, Emmanuel Kouassi N'Gouan, Philippe Solano, Eric Fèvre, Philippe Büscher, Veerle Lejon, Vincent Jamonneau
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/02033d1da8424170a7e88142adc999f6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:02033d1da8424170a7e88142adc999f62021-12-02T20:23:36ZPassive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009656https://doaj.org/article/02033d1da8424170a7e88142adc999f62021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009656https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about the diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for passive screening of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Côte d'Ivoire. We determined HAT prevalence among clinical suspects, identified clinical symptoms and signs associated with HAT RDT positivity, and assessed the diagnostic tests' specificity, positive predictive value and agreement.<h4>Methods</h4>Clinical suspects were screened with SD Bioline HAT, HAT Sero-K-Set and rHAT Sero-Strip. Seropositives were parasitologically examined, and their dried blood spots tested in trypanolysis, ELISA/Tbg, m18S-qPCR and LAMP. The HAT prevalence in the study population was calculated based on RDT positivity followed by parasitological confirmation. The association between clinical symptoms and signs and RDT positivity was determined using multivariable logistic regression. The tests' Positive Predictive Value (PPV), specificity and agreement were determined.<h4>Results</h4>Over 29 months, 3433 clinical suspects were tested. The RDT positivity rate was 2.83%, HAT prevalence 0.06%. Individuals with sleep disturbances (p<0.001), motor disorders (p = 0.002), convulsions (p = 0.02), severe weight loss (p = 0.02) or psychiatric problems (p = 0.04) had an increased odds (odds ratios 1.7-4.6) of being HAT RDT seropositive. Specificities ranged between 97.8%-99.6% for individual RDTs, and 93.3-98.9% for subsequent tests on dried blood spots. The PPV of the individual RDTs was below 14.3% (CI 2-43), increased to 33.3% (CI 4-78) for serial RDT combinations, and reached 67% for LAMP and ELISA/Tbg on RDT positives. Agreement between diagnostic tests was poor to moderate (Kappa ≤ 0.60), except for LAMP and ELISA/Tbg (Kappa = 0.66).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Identification of five key clinical symptoms and signs may simplify referral for HAT RDT screening. The results confirm the appropriateness of the diagnostic algorithm presently applied, with screening by SD Bioline HAT or HAT Sero-K-Set, supplemented with trypanolysis. ELISA/Tbg could replace trypanolysis and is simpler to perform.<h4>Trial registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03356665.Minayégninrin KonéDramane KabaJacques KaboréLian Francesca ThomasLaura Cristina FalzonMathurin KoffiCyrille Mambo KouaméBernardin AhoutyCharlie Franck Alfred CompaoréEmmanuel Kouassi N'GouanPhilippe SolanoEric FèvrePhilippe BüscherVeerle LejonVincent JamonneauPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009656 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Minayégninrin Koné Dramane Kaba Jacques Kaboré Lian Francesca Thomas Laura Cristina Falzon Mathurin Koffi Cyrille Mambo Kouamé Bernardin Ahouty Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré Emmanuel Kouassi N'Gouan Philippe Solano Eric Fèvre Philippe Büscher Veerle Lejon Vincent Jamonneau Passive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about the diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for passive screening of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Côte d'Ivoire. We determined HAT prevalence among clinical suspects, identified clinical symptoms and signs associated with HAT RDT positivity, and assessed the diagnostic tests' specificity, positive predictive value and agreement.<h4>Methods</h4>Clinical suspects were screened with SD Bioline HAT, HAT Sero-K-Set and rHAT Sero-Strip. Seropositives were parasitologically examined, and their dried blood spots tested in trypanolysis, ELISA/Tbg, m18S-qPCR and LAMP. The HAT prevalence in the study population was calculated based on RDT positivity followed by parasitological confirmation. The association between clinical symptoms and signs and RDT positivity was determined using multivariable logistic regression. The tests' Positive Predictive Value (PPV), specificity and agreement were determined.<h4>Results</h4>Over 29 months, 3433 clinical suspects were tested. The RDT positivity rate was 2.83%, HAT prevalence 0.06%. Individuals with sleep disturbances (p<0.001), motor disorders (p = 0.002), convulsions (p = 0.02), severe weight loss (p = 0.02) or psychiatric problems (p = 0.04) had an increased odds (odds ratios 1.7-4.6) of being HAT RDT seropositive. Specificities ranged between 97.8%-99.6% for individual RDTs, and 93.3-98.9% for subsequent tests on dried blood spots. The PPV of the individual RDTs was below 14.3% (CI 2-43), increased to 33.3% (CI 4-78) for serial RDT combinations, and reached 67% for LAMP and ELISA/Tbg on RDT positives. Agreement between diagnostic tests was poor to moderate (Kappa ≤ 0.60), except for LAMP and ELISA/Tbg (Kappa = 0.66).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Identification of five key clinical symptoms and signs may simplify referral for HAT RDT screening. The results confirm the appropriateness of the diagnostic algorithm presently applied, with screening by SD Bioline HAT or HAT Sero-K-Set, supplemented with trypanolysis. ELISA/Tbg could replace trypanolysis and is simpler to perform.<h4>Trial registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03356665.
format	article
author	Minayégninrin Koné Dramane Kaba Jacques Kaboré Lian Francesca Thomas Laura Cristina Falzon Mathurin Koffi Cyrille Mambo Kouamé Bernardin Ahouty Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré Emmanuel Kouassi N'Gouan Philippe Solano Eric Fèvre Philippe Büscher Veerle Lejon Vincent Jamonneau
author_facet	Minayégninrin Koné Dramane Kaba Jacques Kaboré Lian Francesca Thomas Laura Cristina Falzon Mathurin Koffi Cyrille Mambo Kouamé Bernardin Ahouty Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré Emmanuel Kouassi N'Gouan Philippe Solano Eric Fèvre Philippe Büscher Veerle Lejon Vincent Jamonneau
author_sort	Minayégninrin Koné
title	Passive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.
title_short	Passive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.
title_full	Passive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.
title_fullStr	Passive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.
title_full_unstemmed	Passive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.
title_sort	passive surveillance of human african trypanosomiasis in côte d'ivoire: understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/02033d1da8424170a7e88142adc999f6
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Passive surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding prevalence, clinical symptoms and signs, and diagnostic test characteristics.

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