Antibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production

According to the search for alternatives to replace antibiotics in animal production suggested in the antimicrobial resistance action plans around the world, the objective of this work was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of kaolin–silver nanomaterial for its possible inclusion as an additive in...

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Autores principales:	Lara Pérez-Etayo, David González, José Leiva, María Díez-Leturia, Alba Ezquerra, Luis Lostao, Ana Isabel Vitas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antimicrobial resistance animal production additives feed nanomaterials silver Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0214b8d383704da09d1af25327458070
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0214b8d383704da09d1af253274580702021-11-25T16:21:49ZAntibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production10.3390/antibiotics101112762079-6382https://doaj.org/article/0214b8d383704da09d1af253274580702021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/11/1276https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382According to the search for alternatives to replace antibiotics in animal production suggested in the antimicrobial resistance action plans around the world, the objective of this work was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of kaolin–silver nanomaterial for its possible inclusion as an additive in animal feed. The antibacterial activity of the C3 (kaolin–silver nanomaterial) product was tested against a wide spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (including multidrug resistant strains) by performing antibiograms, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as growth inhibition curves against seven strains causing infections in animals. The C3 product generated inhibition halos in all the tested strains, and a higher activity against Gram-negative bacteria was found, with MBC values ranged from 7.8 µg/mL (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) to 15.6 µg/mL (<i>E. coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i>). In contrast, it was necessary to increase the concentration to 31.3 µg/mL or 250 µg/mL to eliminate 99.9% of the initial population of <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538 and <i>E. faecium</i> ATCC 19434, respectively. Conversely, the inhibition growth curves showed a faster bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria (between 2 and 4 h), while it took at least 24 h to observe a reduction in cell viability of <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538. In short, this study shows that the kaolin–silver nanomaterials developed in the framework of the INTERREG POCTEFA EFA183/16/OUTBIOTICS project exhibit antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria. However, additional studies on animal safety and environmental impact are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed alternative in the context of <i>One Health</i>.Lara Pérez-EtayoDavid GonzálezJosé LeivaMaría Díez-LeturiaAlba EzquerraLuis LostaoAna Isabel VitasMDPI AGarticleantimicrobial resistanceanimal productionadditivesfeednanomaterialssilverTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntibiotics, Vol 10, Iss 1276, p 1276 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antimicrobial resistance animal production additives feed nanomaterials silver Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	antimicrobial resistance animal production additives feed nanomaterials silver Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Lara Pérez-Etayo David González José Leiva María Díez-Leturia Alba Ezquerra Luis Lostao Ana Isabel Vitas Antibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production
description	According to the search for alternatives to replace antibiotics in animal production suggested in the antimicrobial resistance action plans around the world, the objective of this work was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of kaolin–silver nanomaterial for its possible inclusion as an additive in animal feed. The antibacterial activity of the C3 (kaolin–silver nanomaterial) product was tested against a wide spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (including multidrug resistant strains) by performing antibiograms, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as growth inhibition curves against seven strains causing infections in animals. The C3 product generated inhibition halos in all the tested strains, and a higher activity against Gram-negative bacteria was found, with MBC values ranged from 7.8 µg/mL (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) to 15.6 µg/mL (<i>E. coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i>). In contrast, it was necessary to increase the concentration to 31.3 µg/mL or 250 µg/mL to eliminate 99.9% of the initial population of <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538 and <i>E. faecium</i> ATCC 19434, respectively. Conversely, the inhibition growth curves showed a faster bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria (between 2 and 4 h), while it took at least 24 h to observe a reduction in cell viability of <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 6538. In short, this study shows that the kaolin–silver nanomaterials developed in the framework of the INTERREG POCTEFA EFA183/16/OUTBIOTICS project exhibit antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria. However, additional studies on animal safety and environmental impact are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed alternative in the context of <i>One Health</i>.
format	article
author	Lara Pérez-Etayo David González José Leiva María Díez-Leturia Alba Ezquerra Luis Lostao Ana Isabel Vitas
author_facet	Lara Pérez-Etayo David González José Leiva María Díez-Leturia Alba Ezquerra Luis Lostao Ana Isabel Vitas
author_sort	Lara Pérez-Etayo
title	Antibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production
title_short	Antibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production
title_full	Antibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production
title_fullStr	Antibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production
title_full_unstemmed	Antibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production
title_sort	antibacterial activity of kaolin–silver nanomaterials: alternative approach to the use of antibiotics in animal production
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0214b8d383704da09d1af25327458070
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Antibacterial Activity of Kaolin–Silver Nanomaterials: Alternative Approach to the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production

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