Multilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation

In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/gelatin/PLA multilayer films supplemented with cellulose nanocrystals and antioxidant extract from almond shell (AS) by-products were developed by solvent casting technique for active food packaging. The almond shell antioxidant extract (ASE) was obtained by mic...

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Autores principales:	Arantzazu Valdés, Carmen Martínez, Mari Carmen Garrigos, Alfonso Jimenez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	almond shell by-product antioxidant activity reinforcing agent active packaging multilayer film avocado preservation Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/024b94351f7e4a53880d9453668b7b98
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:024b94351f7e4a53880d9453668b7b982021-11-11T18:41:36ZMultilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation10.3390/polym132136152073-4360https://doaj.org/article/024b94351f7e4a53880d9453668b7b982021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3615https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/gelatin/PLA multilayer films supplemented with cellulose nanocrystals and antioxidant extract from almond shell (AS) by-products were developed by solvent casting technique for active food packaging. The almond shell antioxidant extract (ASE) was obtained by microwave-assisted extraction, while cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from AS by a sequential process of alkalization, acetylation and acid hydrolysis. Four formulations were obtained by adding 0 (control), 6 wt.% of ASE (FG/ASE), 4.5 wt.% of CNCs (FG/CNC) and 6 wt.% + 4.5 wt.% of ASE + CNCs, respectively, (FG/ASE + CNC) into fish gelatin (FG). PLA/FG/PLA multilayer films were prepared by stacking two outer PLA layers into a middle FG film. A surface modification of PLA by air atmospheric plasma treatment was optimized before multilayer development to improve PLA adhesion. Complete characterization of the multilayers underlined the FG/ASE + CNC formulation as a promising active reinforced packaging system for food preservation, with low values of transparency, lightness and whiteness index. A good adhesion and homogeneity of the multilayer system was obtained by SEM, and they also demonstrated low oxygen permeability (40.87 ± 5.20 cm<sup>3</sup> mm m<sup>−2</sup> day) and solubility (39.19 ± 0.16%) values, while mechanical properties were comparable with commercial plastic films. The developed multilayer films were applied to Hass avocado preservation. The initial degradation temperature (T<sub>ini</sub>), DSC parameters and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the films were in accordance with the low peroxide and anisidine values obtained from avocado pulp after packaging for 14 days at 4 °C. The developed PLA/FG/PLA films supplemented with 6 wt.% ASE+ 4.5 wt.% CNCs may be potential bioactive packaging systems for fat food preservation.Arantzazu ValdésCarmen MartínezMari Carmen GarrigosAlfonso JimenezMDPI AGarticlealmond shell by-productantioxidant activityreinforcing agentactive packagingmultilayer filmavocado preservationOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3615, p 3615 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	almond shell by-product antioxidant activity reinforcing agent active packaging multilayer film avocado preservation Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	almond shell by-product antioxidant activity reinforcing agent active packaging multilayer film avocado preservation Organic chemistry QD241-441 Arantzazu Valdés Carmen Martínez Mari Carmen Garrigos Alfonso Jimenez Multilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation
description	In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/gelatin/PLA multilayer films supplemented with cellulose nanocrystals and antioxidant extract from almond shell (AS) by-products were developed by solvent casting technique for active food packaging. The almond shell antioxidant extract (ASE) was obtained by microwave-assisted extraction, while cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from AS by a sequential process of alkalization, acetylation and acid hydrolysis. Four formulations were obtained by adding 0 (control), 6 wt.% of ASE (FG/ASE), 4.5 wt.% of CNCs (FG/CNC) and 6 wt.% + 4.5 wt.% of ASE + CNCs, respectively, (FG/ASE + CNC) into fish gelatin (FG). PLA/FG/PLA multilayer films were prepared by stacking two outer PLA layers into a middle FG film. A surface modification of PLA by air atmospheric plasma treatment was optimized before multilayer development to improve PLA adhesion. Complete characterization of the multilayers underlined the FG/ASE + CNC formulation as a promising active reinforced packaging system for food preservation, with low values of transparency, lightness and whiteness index. A good adhesion and homogeneity of the multilayer system was obtained by SEM, and they also demonstrated low oxygen permeability (40.87 ± 5.20 cm<sup>3</sup> mm m<sup>−2</sup> day) and solubility (39.19 ± 0.16%) values, while mechanical properties were comparable with commercial plastic films. The developed multilayer films were applied to Hass avocado preservation. The initial degradation temperature (T<sub>ini</sub>), DSC parameters and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the films were in accordance with the low peroxide and anisidine values obtained from avocado pulp after packaging for 14 days at 4 °C. The developed PLA/FG/PLA films supplemented with 6 wt.% ASE+ 4.5 wt.% CNCs may be potential bioactive packaging systems for fat food preservation.
format	article
author	Arantzazu Valdés Carmen Martínez Mari Carmen Garrigos Alfonso Jimenez
author_facet	Arantzazu Valdés Carmen Martínez Mari Carmen Garrigos Alfonso Jimenez
author_sort	Arantzazu Valdés
title	Multilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation
title_short	Multilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation
title_full	Multilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation
title_fullStr	Multilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation
title_full_unstemmed	Multilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation
title_sort	multilayer films based on poly(lactic acid)/gelatin supplemented with cellulose nanocrystals and antioxidant extract from almond shell by-product and its application on hass avocado preservation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/024b94351f7e4a53880d9453668b7b98
work_keys_str_mv	AT arantzazuvaldes multilayerfilmsbasedonpolylacticacidgelatinsupplementedwithcellulosenanocrystalsandantioxidantextractfromalmondshellbyproductanditsapplicationonhassavocadopreservation AT carmenmartinez multilayerfilmsbasedonpolylacticacidgelatinsupplementedwithcellulosenanocrystalsandantioxidantextractfromalmondshellbyproductanditsapplicationonhassavocadopreservation AT maricarmengarrigos multilayerfilmsbasedonpolylacticacidgelatinsupplementedwithcellulosenanocrystalsandantioxidantextractfromalmondshellbyproductanditsapplicationonhassavocadopreservation AT alfonsojimenez multilayerfilmsbasedonpolylacticacidgelatinsupplementedwithcellulosenanocrystalsandantioxidantextractfromalmondshellbyproductanditsapplicationonhassavocadopreservation
_version_	1718431743444254720

Multilayer Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Gelatin Supplemented with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antioxidant Extract from Almond Shell By-Product and Its Application on Hass Avocado Preservation

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