Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses

Abstract Ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) are devices prescribed to improve mobility in people with neuromuscular disorders. Traditionally, AFOs are manually fabricated by an orthotist based on a plaster impression of the lower leg which is modified to correct for impairments. This study aimed to digitall...

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Autores principales:	Joyce Zhanzi Wang, Jonathon Lillia, Muhannad Farhan, Lei Bi, Jinman Kim, Joshua Burns, Tegan L. Cheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/024c56a1ce0f4e5fb3522ef930a6b1a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:024c56a1ce0f4e5fb3522ef930a6b1a42021-12-02T18:14:22ZDigital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses10.1038/s41598-021-98786-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/024c56a1ce0f4e5fb3522ef930a6b1a42021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98786-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) are devices prescribed to improve mobility in people with neuromuscular disorders. Traditionally, AFOs are manually fabricated by an orthotist based on a plaster impression of the lower leg which is modified to correct for impairments. This study aimed to digitally analyse this manual modification process, an important first step in understanding the craftsmanship of AFO fabrication to inform the digital workflows (i.e. 3D scanning and 3D printing), as viable alternatives for AFO fabrication. Pre- and post-modified lower limb plaster casts of 50 children aged 1–18 years from a single orthotist were 3D scanned and registered. The Euclidean distance between the pre- and post-modified plaster casts was calculated, and relationships with participant characteristics (age, height, AFO type, and diagnosis) were analysed. Modification maps demonstrated that participant-specific modifications were combined with universally applied modifications on the cast's anterior and plantar surfaces. Positive differences (additions) ranged 2.12–3.81 mm, negative differences (subtractions) ranged 0.76–3.60 mm, with mean differences ranging from 1.37 to 3.12 mm. Height had a medium effect on plaster additions (rs = 0.35). We quantified the manual plaster modification process and demonstrated a reliable method to map and compare pre- and post-modified casts used to fabricate children's AFOs.Joyce Zhanzi WangJonathon LilliaMuhannad FarhanLei BiJinman KimJoshua BurnsTegan L. ChengNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Joyce Zhanzi Wang Jonathon Lillia Muhannad Farhan Lei Bi Jinman Kim Joshua Burns Tegan L. Cheng Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses
description	Abstract Ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) are devices prescribed to improve mobility in people with neuromuscular disorders. Traditionally, AFOs are manually fabricated by an orthotist based on a plaster impression of the lower leg which is modified to correct for impairments. This study aimed to digitally analyse this manual modification process, an important first step in understanding the craftsmanship of AFO fabrication to inform the digital workflows (i.e. 3D scanning and 3D printing), as viable alternatives for AFO fabrication. Pre- and post-modified lower limb plaster casts of 50 children aged 1–18 years from a single orthotist were 3D scanned and registered. The Euclidean distance between the pre- and post-modified plaster casts was calculated, and relationships with participant characteristics (age, height, AFO type, and diagnosis) were analysed. Modification maps demonstrated that participant-specific modifications were combined with universally applied modifications on the cast's anterior and plantar surfaces. Positive differences (additions) ranged 2.12–3.81 mm, negative differences (subtractions) ranged 0.76–3.60 mm, with mean differences ranging from 1.37 to 3.12 mm. Height had a medium effect on plaster additions (rs = 0.35). We quantified the manual plaster modification process and demonstrated a reliable method to map and compare pre- and post-modified casts used to fabricate children's AFOs.
format	article
author	Joyce Zhanzi Wang Jonathon Lillia Muhannad Farhan Lei Bi Jinman Kim Joshua Burns Tegan L. Cheng
author_facet	Joyce Zhanzi Wang Jonathon Lillia Muhannad Farhan Lei Bi Jinman Kim Joshua Burns Tegan L. Cheng
author_sort	Joyce Zhanzi Wang
title	Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses
title_short	Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses
title_full	Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses
title_fullStr	Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses
title_full_unstemmed	Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses
title_sort	digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/024c56a1ce0f4e5fb3522ef930a6b1a4
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Digital mapping of a manual fabrication method for paediatric ankle–foot orthoses

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