The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dietary nitrate supplementation has shown promising ergogenic effects on endurance exercise. However, at present there is no systematic analysis evaluating the effects of acute or chronic nitrate supplementation on performance measures during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interv...

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Autores principales:	Tak Hiong Wong, Alexiaa Sim, Stephen F. Burns
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nitrate nitrite nitric oxide beetroot high-intensity interval training sprint interval training Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/024ce5063dbb4491aaead2ad44927b0e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:024ce5063dbb4491aaead2ad44927b0e2021-11-25T18:33:04ZThe Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis10.3390/nu131136742072-6643https://doaj.org/article/024ce5063dbb4491aaead2ad44927b0e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3674https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Dietary nitrate supplementation has shown promising ergogenic effects on endurance exercise. However, at present there is no systematic analysis evaluating the effects of acute or chronic nitrate supplementation on performance measures during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT). The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the evidence for supplementation of dietary beetroot—a common source of nitrate—to improve peak and mean power output during HIIT and SIT. A systematic literature search was carried out following PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS framework within the following databases: PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus. Search terms used were: ((nitrate OR nitrite OR beetroot) AND (HIIT or high intensity or sprint interval or SIT) AND (performance)). A total of 17 studies were included and reviewed independently. Seven studies applied an acute supplementation strategy and ten studies applied chronic supplementation. The standardised mean difference for mean power output showed an overall trivial, non-significant effect in favour of placebo (Hedges’ g = −0.05, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.21, Z = 0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.69). The standardised mean difference for peak power output showed a trivial, non-significant effect in favour of the beetroot juice intervention (Hedges’ g = 0.08, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.30, Z = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.47). The present meta-analysis showed trivial statistical heterogeneity in power output, but the variation in the exercise protocols, nitrate dosage, type of beetroot products, supplementation strategy, and duration among studies restricted a firm conclusion of the effect of beetroot supplementation on HIIT performance. Our findings suggest that beetroot supplementation offers no significant improvement to peak or mean power output during HIIT or SIT. Future research could further examine the ergogenic potential by optimising the beetroot supplementation strategy in terms of dosage, timing, and type of beetroot product. The potential combined effect of other ingredients in the beetroot products should not be undermined. Finally, a chronic supplementation protocol with a higher beetroot dosage (>12.9 mmol/day for 6 days) is recommended for future HIIT and SIT study.Tak Hiong WongAlexiaa SimStephen F. BurnsMDPI AGarticlenitratenitritenitric oxidebeetroothigh-intensity interval trainingsprint interval trainingNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3674, p 3674 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nitrate nitrite nitric oxide beetroot high-intensity interval training sprint interval training Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	nitrate nitrite nitric oxide beetroot high-intensity interval training sprint interval training Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Tak Hiong Wong Alexiaa Sim Stephen F. Burns The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
description	Dietary nitrate supplementation has shown promising ergogenic effects on endurance exercise. However, at present there is no systematic analysis evaluating the effects of acute or chronic nitrate supplementation on performance measures during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT). The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the evidence for supplementation of dietary beetroot—a common source of nitrate—to improve peak and mean power output during HIIT and SIT. A systematic literature search was carried out following PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS framework within the following databases: PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus. Search terms used were: ((nitrate OR nitrite OR beetroot) AND (HIIT or high intensity or sprint interval or SIT) AND (performance)). A total of 17 studies were included and reviewed independently. Seven studies applied an acute supplementation strategy and ten studies applied chronic supplementation. The standardised mean difference for mean power output showed an overall trivial, non-significant effect in favour of placebo (Hedges’ g = −0.05, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.21, Z = 0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.69). The standardised mean difference for peak power output showed a trivial, non-significant effect in favour of the beetroot juice intervention (Hedges’ g = 0.08, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.30, Z = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.47). The present meta-analysis showed trivial statistical heterogeneity in power output, but the variation in the exercise protocols, nitrate dosage, type of beetroot products, supplementation strategy, and duration among studies restricted a firm conclusion of the effect of beetroot supplementation on HIIT performance. Our findings suggest that beetroot supplementation offers no significant improvement to peak or mean power output during HIIT or SIT. Future research could further examine the ergogenic potential by optimising the beetroot supplementation strategy in terms of dosage, timing, and type of beetroot product. The potential combined effect of other ingredients in the beetroot products should not be undermined. Finally, a chronic supplementation protocol with a higher beetroot dosage (>12.9 mmol/day for 6 days) is recommended for future HIIT and SIT study.
format	article
author	Tak Hiong Wong Alexiaa Sim Stephen F. Burns
author_facet	Tak Hiong Wong Alexiaa Sim Stephen F. Burns
author_sort	Tak Hiong Wong
title	The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short	The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full	The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr	The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort	effect of beetroot ingestion on high-intensity interval training: a systematic review and meta-analysis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/024ce5063dbb4491aaead2ad44927b0e
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The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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