Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia

Abstract In the Greater Mekong Subregion, malaria cases have significantly decreased but little is known about the vectors or mechanisms responsible for residual malaria transmission. We analysed a total of 3920 Anopheles mosquitoes collected during the rainy and dry seasons from four ecological set...

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Autores principales:	Amélie Vantaux, Michelle M. Riehle, Eakpor Piv, Elise J. Farley, Sophy Chy, Saorin Kim, Anneli G. Corbett, Rachel L. Fehrman, Anais Pepey, Karin Eiglmeier, Dysoley Lek, Sovannaroth Siv, Ivo Mueller, Kenneth D. Vernick, Benoit Witkowski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0269045c833d476d9a8093d6977299af
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0269045c833d476d9a8093d6977299af2021-12-02T16:31:11ZAnopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia10.1038/s41598-021-85628-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0269045c833d476d9a8093d6977299af2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85628-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In the Greater Mekong Subregion, malaria cases have significantly decreased but little is known about the vectors or mechanisms responsible for residual malaria transmission. We analysed a total of 3920 Anopheles mosquitoes collected during the rainy and dry seasons from four ecological settings in Cambodia (villages, forested areas near villages, rubber tree plantations and forest sites). Using odor-baited traps, 81% of the total samples across all sites were collected in cow baited traps, although 67% of the samples attracted by human baited traps were collected in forest sites. Overall, 20% of collected Anopheles were active during the day, with increased day biting during the dry season. 3131 samples were identified morphologically as 14 different species, and a subset was also identified by DNA amplicon sequencing allowing determination of 29 Anopheles species. The investigation of well characterized insecticide mutations (ace-1, kdr, and rdl genes) indicated that individuals carried mutations associated with response to all the different classes of insecticides. There also appeared to be a non-random association between mosquito species and insecticide resistance with Anopheles peditaeniatus exhibiting nearly fixed mutations. Molecular screening for Plasmodium sp. presence indicated that 3.6% of collected Anopheles were positive, most for P. vivax followed by P. falciparum. These results highlight some of the key mechanisms driving residual human malaria transmission in Cambodia, and illustrate the importance of diverse collection methods, sites and seasons to avoid bias and better characterize Anopheles mosquito ecology in Southeast Asia.Amélie VantauxMichelle M. RiehleEakpor PivElise J. FarleySophy ChySaorin KimAnneli G. CorbettRachel L. FehrmanAnais PepeyKarin EiglmeierDysoley LekSovannaroth SivIvo MuellerKenneth D. VernickBenoit WitkowskiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Amélie Vantaux Michelle M. Riehle Eakpor Piv Elise J. Farley Sophy Chy Saorin Kim Anneli G. Corbett Rachel L. Fehrman Anais Pepey Karin Eiglmeier Dysoley Lek Sovannaroth Siv Ivo Mueller Kenneth D. Vernick Benoit Witkowski Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia
description	Abstract In the Greater Mekong Subregion, malaria cases have significantly decreased but little is known about the vectors or mechanisms responsible for residual malaria transmission. We analysed a total of 3920 Anopheles mosquitoes collected during the rainy and dry seasons from four ecological settings in Cambodia (villages, forested areas near villages, rubber tree plantations and forest sites). Using odor-baited traps, 81% of the total samples across all sites were collected in cow baited traps, although 67% of the samples attracted by human baited traps were collected in forest sites. Overall, 20% of collected Anopheles were active during the day, with increased day biting during the dry season. 3131 samples were identified morphologically as 14 different species, and a subset was also identified by DNA amplicon sequencing allowing determination of 29 Anopheles species. The investigation of well characterized insecticide mutations (ace-1, kdr, and rdl genes) indicated that individuals carried mutations associated with response to all the different classes of insecticides. There also appeared to be a non-random association between mosquito species and insecticide resistance with Anopheles peditaeniatus exhibiting nearly fixed mutations. Molecular screening for Plasmodium sp. presence indicated that 3.6% of collected Anopheles were positive, most for P. vivax followed by P. falciparum. These results highlight some of the key mechanisms driving residual human malaria transmission in Cambodia, and illustrate the importance of diverse collection methods, sites and seasons to avoid bias and better characterize Anopheles mosquito ecology in Southeast Asia.
format	article
author	Amélie Vantaux Michelle M. Riehle Eakpor Piv Elise J. Farley Sophy Chy Saorin Kim Anneli G. Corbett Rachel L. Fehrman Anais Pepey Karin Eiglmeier Dysoley Lek Sovannaroth Siv Ivo Mueller Kenneth D. Vernick Benoit Witkowski
author_facet	Amélie Vantaux Michelle M. Riehle Eakpor Piv Elise J. Farley Sophy Chy Saorin Kim Anneli G. Corbett Rachel L. Fehrman Anais Pepey Karin Eiglmeier Dysoley Lek Sovannaroth Siv Ivo Mueller Kenneth D. Vernick Benoit Witkowski
author_sort	Amélie Vantaux
title	Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia
title_short	Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia
title_full	Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia
title_fullStr	Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia
title_full_unstemmed	Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia
title_sort	anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern cambodia
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0269045c833d476d9a8093d6977299af
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Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia

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