The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser

Abstract Megafaunal frugivores can consume large amounts of fruits whose seeds may be dispersed over long distances, thus, affecting plant regeneration processes and ecosystem functioning. We investigated the role of brown bears (Ursus arctos) as legitimate megafaunal seed dispersers. We assessed th...

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Autores principales:	Alberto García-Rodríguez, Jörg Albrecht, Sylwia Szczutkowska, Alfredo Valido, Nina Farwig, Nuria Selva
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/026e20916b4d44b38102e0685992d3bd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:026e20916b4d44b38102e0685992d3bd2021-12-02T14:12:46ZThe role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser10.1038/s41598-020-80440-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/026e20916b4d44b38102e0685992d3bd2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80440-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Megafaunal frugivores can consume large amounts of fruits whose seeds may be dispersed over long distances, thus, affecting plant regeneration processes and ecosystem functioning. We investigated the role of brown bears (Ursus arctos) as legitimate megafaunal seed dispersers. We assessed the quantity component of seed dispersal by brown bears across its entire distribution based on information about both the relative frequency of occurrence and species composition of fleshy fruits in the diet of brown bears extracted from the literature. We assessed the quality component of seed dispersal based on germination experiments for 11 fleshy-fruited plant species common in temperate and boreal regions and frequently eaten by brown bears. Across its distribution, fleshy fruits, on average, represented 24% of the bear food items and 26% of the total volume consumed. Brown bears consumed seeds from at least 101 fleshy-fruited plant species belonging to 24 families and 42 genera, of which Rubus (Rosaceae) and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) were most commonly eaten. Brown bears inhabiting Mediterranean forests relied the most on fleshy fruits and consumed the largest number of species per study area. Seeds ingested by bears germinated at higher percentages than those from whole fruits, and at similar percentages than manually depulped seeds. We conclude that brown bears are legitimate seed dispersers as they consume large quantities of seeds that remain viable after gut passage. The decline of these megafaunal frugivores may compromise seed dispersal services and plant regeneration processes.Alberto García-RodríguezJörg AlbrechtSylwia SzczutkowskaAlfredo ValidoNina FarwigNuria SelvaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alberto García-Rodríguez Jörg Albrecht Sylwia Szczutkowska Alfredo Valido Nina Farwig Nuria Selva The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser
description	Abstract Megafaunal frugivores can consume large amounts of fruits whose seeds may be dispersed over long distances, thus, affecting plant regeneration processes and ecosystem functioning. We investigated the role of brown bears (Ursus arctos) as legitimate megafaunal seed dispersers. We assessed the quantity component of seed dispersal by brown bears across its entire distribution based on information about both the relative frequency of occurrence and species composition of fleshy fruits in the diet of brown bears extracted from the literature. We assessed the quality component of seed dispersal based on germination experiments for 11 fleshy-fruited plant species common in temperate and boreal regions and frequently eaten by brown bears. Across its distribution, fleshy fruits, on average, represented 24% of the bear food items and 26% of the total volume consumed. Brown bears consumed seeds from at least 101 fleshy-fruited plant species belonging to 24 families and 42 genera, of which Rubus (Rosaceae) and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) were most commonly eaten. Brown bears inhabiting Mediterranean forests relied the most on fleshy fruits and consumed the largest number of species per study area. Seeds ingested by bears germinated at higher percentages than those from whole fruits, and at similar percentages than manually depulped seeds. We conclude that brown bears are legitimate seed dispersers as they consume large quantities of seeds that remain viable after gut passage. The decline of these megafaunal frugivores may compromise seed dispersal services and plant regeneration processes.
format	article
author	Alberto García-Rodríguez Jörg Albrecht Sylwia Szczutkowska Alfredo Valido Nina Farwig Nuria Selva
author_facet	Alberto García-Rodríguez Jörg Albrecht Sylwia Szczutkowska Alfredo Valido Nina Farwig Nuria Selva
author_sort	Alberto García-Rodríguez
title	The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser
title_short	The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser
title_full	The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser
title_fullStr	The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser
title_full_unstemmed	The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser
title_sort	role of the brown bear ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/026e20916b4d44b38102e0685992d3bd
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The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser

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