Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems

Abstract Water use by the agricultural sector along with inefficient irrigation methods and climate change has led to the depletion and insecurity of water resources and consequent instability of the agricultural system. Defining benchmarks and comparing them is essential for sustainable system mana...

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Autores principales:	Soheila Zarei, Omid Bozorg-Haddad, Vijay P. Singh, Hugo A. Loáiciga
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/028d39a4fbc94437a2370f80dc457dad
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:028d39a4fbc94437a2370f80dc457dad2021-11-28T12:16:52ZDeveloping water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems10.1038/s41598-021-02147-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/028d39a4fbc94437a2370f80dc457dad2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02147-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Water use by the agricultural sector along with inefficient irrigation methods and climate change has led to the depletion and insecurity of water resources and consequent instability of the agricultural system. Defining benchmarks and comparing them is essential for sustainable system management performance. The sustainability performance of an agricultural system depends on various factors related to water, energy, and food. This study selects and ranks sustainability performance indicators (SPIs) of agricultural systems with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Expert opinions on agricultural sustainability were obtained from Iran’s Regional Water Organization. The factors and variables affecting the management of water resources in agricultural systems in a basin area are evaluated with 17 SPIs (10 indicators of water resources sustainability, 3 energy sustainability indicators, and 4 food sustainability indicators) that measure the sustainability of agricultural systems. The AHP reduced the number of indicators to a small number of effective indicators. Results of pairwise comparison and the subsequent determination of the weight of each indicator show that the indicators of water consumption, groundwater level stability, vulnerability of water resources, and water stress have the largest weights (i.e., importance) for agricultural system sustainability at the basin scale. These selected indicators can be applied to agricultural water systems (AWSs).Soheila ZareiOmid Bozorg-HaddadVijay P. SinghHugo A. LoáicigaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Soheila Zarei Omid Bozorg-Haddad Vijay P. Singh Hugo A. Loáiciga Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems
description	Abstract Water use by the agricultural sector along with inefficient irrigation methods and climate change has led to the depletion and insecurity of water resources and consequent instability of the agricultural system. Defining benchmarks and comparing them is essential for sustainable system management performance. The sustainability performance of an agricultural system depends on various factors related to water, energy, and food. This study selects and ranks sustainability performance indicators (SPIs) of agricultural systems with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Expert opinions on agricultural sustainability were obtained from Iran’s Regional Water Organization. The factors and variables affecting the management of water resources in agricultural systems in a basin area are evaluated with 17 SPIs (10 indicators of water resources sustainability, 3 energy sustainability indicators, and 4 food sustainability indicators) that measure the sustainability of agricultural systems. The AHP reduced the number of indicators to a small number of effective indicators. Results of pairwise comparison and the subsequent determination of the weight of each indicator show that the indicators of water consumption, groundwater level stability, vulnerability of water resources, and water stress have the largest weights (i.e., importance) for agricultural system sustainability at the basin scale. These selected indicators can be applied to agricultural water systems (AWSs).
format	article
author	Soheila Zarei Omid Bozorg-Haddad Vijay P. Singh Hugo A. Loáiciga
author_facet	Soheila Zarei Omid Bozorg-Haddad Vijay P. Singh Hugo A. Loáiciga
author_sort	Soheila Zarei
title	Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems
title_short	Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems
title_full	Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems
title_fullStr	Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems
title_full_unstemmed	Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems
title_sort	developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/028d39a4fbc94437a2370f80dc457dad
work_keys_str_mv	AT soheilazarei developingwaterenergyandfoodsustainabilityperformanceindicatorsforagriculturalsystems AT omidbozorghaddad developingwaterenergyandfoodsustainabilityperformanceindicatorsforagriculturalsystems AT vijaypsingh developingwaterenergyandfoodsustainabilityperformanceindicatorsforagriculturalsystems AT hugoaloaiciga developingwaterenergyandfoodsustainabilityperformanceindicatorsforagriculturalsystems
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Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems

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