Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China

With the aggravation of the ocean–atmosphere cycle anomaly, understanding the potential teleconnections between climate indices and drought/flood conditions can help us know natural hazards more comprehensively to better cope with them. This study aims at exploring the spatiotemporal patterns of dro...

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Autores principales:	Guohua Fang, Xin Li, Ming Xu, Xin Wen, Xianfeng Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	SPI drought wavelet coherence EOF ENSO AO Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/02d5724027db414c8222aec62d8ebb2e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:02d5724027db414c8222aec62d8ebb2e2021-11-25T16:44:52ZSpatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China10.3390/atmos121114462073-4433https://doaj.org/article/02d5724027db414c8222aec62d8ebb2e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1446https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433With the aggravation of the ocean–atmosphere cycle anomaly, understanding the potential teleconnections between climate indices and drought/flood conditions can help us know natural hazards more comprehensively to better cope with them. This study aims at exploring the spatiotemporal patterns of drought and its multi-scale relations with typical climate indices in the Huaihe River Basin. First, the spatial patterns were identified based on the seasonal Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)-3 during 1956–2020 by means of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The two leading sub-regions of spring and winter droughts were determined. Then, we extracted the periodicity of spring and winter SPI-3 series and the corresponding seasonal climate indices (Arctic Oscillation (AO), Bivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)Timeseries (BEST), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Niño3, and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)) and the sunspot number by using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). We further explored the teleconnections between spring drought, winter drought, and climate indices and the sunspot number by using Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) and Wavelet Coherence (WTC) analyses. The results show that there are in-phase multi-scale relations between spring/winter PC1 and AO, BEST, and Niño3, of which the climate indices lead spring PC1 by 1.5–2 years and the climate indices lag winter PC1 by 1.5–3 years. Anti-phase relations between spring PCs and SOI and the sunspot number were observed. NAO mainly affects the interdecadal variation in spring drought, while AO and Niño3 focus on the interannual variation. In addition, Niño3 and SOI are more related to the winter drought on interdecadal scales. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the monthly average precipitation/temperature and Niño3 with a lag of 3 months. The results are beneficial for improving the accuracy of drought prediction, considering taking NAO, AO, and Niño3 as predictors for spring drought and Niño3 and SOI for winter drought. Hence, valuable information can be provided for the management of water resources as well as early drought warnings in the basin.Guohua FangXin LiMing XuXin WenXianfeng HuangMDPI AGarticleSPIdroughtwavelet coherenceEOFENSOAOMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1446, p 1446 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	SPI drought wavelet coherence EOF ENSO AO Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	SPI drought wavelet coherence EOF ENSO AO Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Guohua Fang Xin Li Ming Xu Xin Wen Xianfeng Huang Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China
description	With the aggravation of the ocean–atmosphere cycle anomaly, understanding the potential teleconnections between climate indices and drought/flood conditions can help us know natural hazards more comprehensively to better cope with them. This study aims at exploring the spatiotemporal patterns of drought and its multi-scale relations with typical climate indices in the Huaihe River Basin. First, the spatial patterns were identified based on the seasonal Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)-3 during 1956–2020 by means of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The two leading sub-regions of spring and winter droughts were determined. Then, we extracted the periodicity of spring and winter SPI-3 series and the corresponding seasonal climate indices (Arctic Oscillation (AO), Bivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)Timeseries (BEST), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Niño3, and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)) and the sunspot number by using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). We further explored the teleconnections between spring drought, winter drought, and climate indices and the sunspot number by using Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) and Wavelet Coherence (WTC) analyses. The results show that there are in-phase multi-scale relations between spring/winter PC1 and AO, BEST, and Niño3, of which the climate indices lead spring PC1 by 1.5–2 years and the climate indices lag winter PC1 by 1.5–3 years. Anti-phase relations between spring PCs and SOI and the sunspot number were observed. NAO mainly affects the interdecadal variation in spring drought, while AO and Niño3 focus on the interannual variation. In addition, Niño3 and SOI are more related to the winter drought on interdecadal scales. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the monthly average precipitation/temperature and Niño3 with a lag of 3 months. The results are beneficial for improving the accuracy of drought prediction, considering taking NAO, AO, and Niño3 as predictors for spring drought and Niño3 and SOI for winter drought. Hence, valuable information can be provided for the management of water resources as well as early drought warnings in the basin.
format	article
author	Guohua Fang Xin Li Ming Xu Xin Wen Xianfeng Huang
author_facet	Guohua Fang Xin Li Ming Xu Xin Wen Xianfeng Huang
author_sort	Guohua Fang
title	Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China
title_short	Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China
title_full	Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China
title_fullStr	Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China
title_full_unstemmed	Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China
title_sort	spatiotemporal variability of drought and its multi-scale linkages with climate indices in the huaihe river basin, central china and east china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/02d5724027db414c8222aec62d8ebb2e
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Spatiotemporal Variability of Drought and Its Multi-Scale Linkages with Climate Indices in the Huaihe River Basin, Central China and East China

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