When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals

In the present article, we investigated the possibility of inducing phantom tactile sensations in healthy individuals similar to those that we observed in patients after stroke. On the basis of previous research, we assumed that manipulating visual feedbacks may guide and influence, under certain co...

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Autores principales:	Raffaella Ricci, Michela Caldano, Ilaria Sabatelli, Emanuele Cirillo, Roberto Gammeri, Ezgi Cesim, Adriana Salatino, Anna Berti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	tactile awareness multisensory integration mirror image bilateral touch representation body ownership and disownership Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/02ed697808a84e64bc4e3236761d22d4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:02ed697808a84e64bc4e3236761d22d42021-12-01T22:30:49ZWhen Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals1662-516110.3389/fnhum.2021.734235https://doaj.org/article/02ed697808a84e64bc4e3236761d22d42021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2021.734235/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5161In the present article, we investigated the possibility of inducing phantom tactile sensations in healthy individuals similar to those that we observed in patients after stroke. On the basis of previous research, we assumed that manipulating visual feedbacks may guide and influence, under certain conditions, the phenomenal experience of touch. To this aim, we used the Tactile Quadrant Stimulation (TQS) test in which subjects, in the crucial condition, must indicate whether and where they perceive a double tactile stimulation applied simultaneously in different quadrants of the two hands (asymmetrical Double Simultaneous Stimulation trial, Asym-DSS). The task was performed with the left-hand out of sight and the right-hand reflected in a mirror so that the right-hand reflected in the mirror looks like the own left-hand. We found that in the Asym-DSS trial, the vision of the right-hand reflected in the mirror and stimulated by a tactile stimulus elicited on the left-hand the sensation of having been touched in the same quadrant as the right-hand. In other words, we found in healthy subjects the same phantom touch effect that we previously found in patients. We interpreted these results as modulation of tactile representation by bottom-up (multisensory integration of stimuli coming from the right real and the right reflected hand) and possibly top-down (body ownership distortion) processing triggered by our experimental setup, unveiling bilateral representation of touch.Raffaella RicciMichela CaldanoIlaria SabatelliEmanuele CirilloRoberto GammeriEzgi CesimEzgi CesimAdriana SalatinoAdriana SalatinoAnna BertiFrontiers Media S.A.articletactile awarenessmultisensory integrationmirror imagebilateral touch representationbody ownership and disownershipNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	tactile awareness multisensory integration mirror image bilateral touch representation body ownership and disownership Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	tactile awareness multisensory integration mirror image bilateral touch representation body ownership and disownership Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Raffaella Ricci Michela Caldano Ilaria Sabatelli Emanuele Cirillo Roberto Gammeri Ezgi Cesim Ezgi Cesim Adriana Salatino Adriana Salatino Anna Berti When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals
description	In the present article, we investigated the possibility of inducing phantom tactile sensations in healthy individuals similar to those that we observed in patients after stroke. On the basis of previous research, we assumed that manipulating visual feedbacks may guide and influence, under certain conditions, the phenomenal experience of touch. To this aim, we used the Tactile Quadrant Stimulation (TQS) test in which subjects, in the crucial condition, must indicate whether and where they perceive a double tactile stimulation applied simultaneously in different quadrants of the two hands (asymmetrical Double Simultaneous Stimulation trial, Asym-DSS). The task was performed with the left-hand out of sight and the right-hand reflected in a mirror so that the right-hand reflected in the mirror looks like the own left-hand. We found that in the Asym-DSS trial, the vision of the right-hand reflected in the mirror and stimulated by a tactile stimulus elicited on the left-hand the sensation of having been touched in the same quadrant as the right-hand. In other words, we found in healthy subjects the same phantom touch effect that we previously found in patients. We interpreted these results as modulation of tactile representation by bottom-up (multisensory integration of stimuli coming from the right real and the right reflected hand) and possibly top-down (body ownership distortion) processing triggered by our experimental setup, unveiling bilateral representation of touch.
format	article
author	Raffaella Ricci Michela Caldano Ilaria Sabatelli Emanuele Cirillo Roberto Gammeri Ezgi Cesim Ezgi Cesim Adriana Salatino Adriana Salatino Anna Berti
author_facet	Raffaella Ricci Michela Caldano Ilaria Sabatelli Emanuele Cirillo Roberto Gammeri Ezgi Cesim Ezgi Cesim Adriana Salatino Adriana Salatino Anna Berti
author_sort	Raffaella Ricci
title	When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals
title_short	When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals
title_full	When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals
title_fullStr	When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals
title_full_unstemmed	When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals
title_sort	when right goes left: phantom touch induced by mirror box procedure in healthy individuals
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/02ed697808a84e64bc4e3236761d22d4
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When Right Goes Left: Phantom Touch Induced by Mirror Box Procedure in Healthy Individuals

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