Transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae

Abstract Deformed wing virus (DWV) prevalence is high in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations. The virus infects honey bees through vertical and horizontal transmission, leading to behavioural changes, wing deformity, and early mortality. To better understand the impacts of viral infection in the...

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Autores principales:	Zih-Ting Chang, Yu-Feng Huang, Yue-Wen Chen, Ming-Ren Yen, Po-Ya Hsu, Tzu-Han Chen, Yi-Hsuan Li, Kuo-Ping Chiu, Yu-Shin Nai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/031932b446a44928bd2a38f004b0df16
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:031932b446a44928bd2a38f004b0df162021-12-02T16:26:23ZTranscriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae10.1038/s41598-021-94641-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/031932b446a44928bd2a38f004b0df162021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94641-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Deformed wing virus (DWV) prevalence is high in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations. The virus infects honey bees through vertical and horizontal transmission, leading to behavioural changes, wing deformity, and early mortality. To better understand the impacts of viral infection in the larval stage of honey bees, artificially reared honey bee larvae were infected with DWV (1.55 × 1010 copies/per larva). No significant mortality occurred in infected honey bee larvae, while the survival rates decreased significantly at the pupal stage. Examination of DWV replication revealed that viral replication began at 2 days post inoculation (d.p.i.), increased dramatically to 4 d.p.i., and then continuously increased in the pupal stage. To better understand the impact of DWV on the larval stage, DWV-infected and control groups were subjected to transcriptomic analysis at 4 d.p.i. Two hundred fifty-five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ -2) were identified. Of these DEGs, 168 genes were downregulated, and 87 genes were upregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that 141 DEGs (55.3%) were categorized into molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes. One hundred eleven genes (38 upregulated and 73 downregulated) were annotated by KO (KEGG Orthology) pathway mapping and involved metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathways. Validation of DEGs was performed, and the related gene expression levels showed a similar tendency to the DEG predictions at 4 d.p.i.; cell wall integrity and stress response component 1 (wsc1), cuticular protein and myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase (iolG) were significantly upregulated, and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein (SK) was significantly downregulated at 4 d.p.i. Related gene expression levels at different d.p.i. revealed that these DEGs were significantly regulated from the larval stage to the pupal stage, indicating the potential impacts of gene expression levels from the larval to the pupal stages. Taken together, DWV infection in the honey bee larval stage potentially influences the gene expression levels from larvae to pupae and reduces the survival rate of the pupal stage. This information emphasizes the consequences of DWV prevalence in honey bee larvae for apiculture.Zih-Ting ChangYu-Feng HuangYue-Wen ChenMing-Ren YenPo-Ya HsuTzu-Han ChenYi-Hsuan LiKuo-Ping ChiuYu-Shin NaiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zih-Ting Chang Yu-Feng Huang Yue-Wen Chen Ming-Ren Yen Po-Ya Hsu Tzu-Han Chen Yi-Hsuan Li Kuo-Ping Chiu Yu-Shin Nai Transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae
description	Abstract Deformed wing virus (DWV) prevalence is high in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations. The virus infects honey bees through vertical and horizontal transmission, leading to behavioural changes, wing deformity, and early mortality. To better understand the impacts of viral infection in the larval stage of honey bees, artificially reared honey bee larvae were infected with DWV (1.55 × 1010 copies/per larva). No significant mortality occurred in infected honey bee larvae, while the survival rates decreased significantly at the pupal stage. Examination of DWV replication revealed that viral replication began at 2 days post inoculation (d.p.i.), increased dramatically to 4 d.p.i., and then continuously increased in the pupal stage. To better understand the impact of DWV on the larval stage, DWV-infected and control groups were subjected to transcriptomic analysis at 4 d.p.i. Two hundred fifty-five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ -2) were identified. Of these DEGs, 168 genes were downregulated, and 87 genes were upregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that 141 DEGs (55.3%) were categorized into molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes. One hundred eleven genes (38 upregulated and 73 downregulated) were annotated by KO (KEGG Orthology) pathway mapping and involved metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathways. Validation of DEGs was performed, and the related gene expression levels showed a similar tendency to the DEG predictions at 4 d.p.i.; cell wall integrity and stress response component 1 (wsc1), cuticular protein and myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase (iolG) were significantly upregulated, and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein (SK) was significantly downregulated at 4 d.p.i. Related gene expression levels at different d.p.i. revealed that these DEGs were significantly regulated from the larval stage to the pupal stage, indicating the potential impacts of gene expression levels from the larval to the pupal stages. Taken together, DWV infection in the honey bee larval stage potentially influences the gene expression levels from larvae to pupae and reduces the survival rate of the pupal stage. This information emphasizes the consequences of DWV prevalence in honey bee larvae for apiculture.
format	article
author	Zih-Ting Chang Yu-Feng Huang Yue-Wen Chen Ming-Ren Yen Po-Ya Hsu Tzu-Han Chen Yi-Hsuan Li Kuo-Ping Chiu Yu-Shin Nai
author_facet	Zih-Ting Chang Yu-Feng Huang Yue-Wen Chen Ming-Ren Yen Po-Ya Hsu Tzu-Han Chen Yi-Hsuan Li Kuo-Ping Chiu Yu-Shin Nai
author_sort	Zih-Ting Chang
title	Transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae
title_short	Transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae
title_full	Transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae
title_fullStr	Transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae
title_sort	transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/031932b446a44928bd2a38f004b0df16
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Transcriptome-level assessment of the impact of deformed wing virus on honey bee larvae

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