Niche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)

We compare biogeographic and morphological parameters of two agamic complexes of western North American hawthorns so as to evaluate possible explanations of the differences in range between sexually reproducing taxa and their apomictic sister taxa. We have documented range, breeding system, morpholo...

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Autores principales:	Timothy A. Dickinson, Brigitte Xueqi Yan, Shery Han, Mehdi Zarrei
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	apomixis climate niche geographic range leaf vascular architecture phylogeny Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/033a542b34014371a4cc72497e8ec038
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:033a542b34014371a4cc72497e8ec0382021-11-25T16:03:45ZNiche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)10.3390/agronomy111121332073-4395https://doaj.org/article/033a542b34014371a4cc72497e8ec0382021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2133https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395We compare biogeographic and morphological parameters of two agamic complexes of western North American hawthorns so as to evaluate possible explanations of the differences in range between sexually reproducing taxa and their apomictic sister taxa. We have documented range, breeding system, morphology, leaf vascular architecture, and niche breadth in these hawthorns, for which phylogenetic relationships and ploidy levels are known. Species distribution data from herbarium specimens and online databases were analyzed in order to compare ranges and climate niches described by bioclimatic variables. Flow cytometry documented ploidy level and breeding system. Voucher specimens provided morphometric data that were analyzed using uni- and multivariate methods. Members of two black-fruited taxonomic sections of <i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i> (sections <i>Douglasianae</i>, <i>Salignae</i>) have previously been identified as hybrids. They are presumptively self-fertile polyploids with pseudogamous gametophytic apomixis. Their morphologies, geographic ranges, and niche characteristics resemble those of their diploid, sexual parent or are intermediate between them and those of their other parent, one or both of two partially sympatric tetraploid apomicts in red-fruited <i>C.</i> subg. <i>Americanae</i> with much wider distributions. Comparing sections <i>Douglasianae</i> and <i>Salignae</i> suggests that geographic parthenogenesis (larger range sizes in apomicts, compared to sexually reproducing taxa) may have less to do with adaptation than it does with reproductive assurance in the pseudogamously apomictic and self-compatible hybrids. Greater climate niche breadth in allopolyploids compared to diploids similarly may be more due to parental traits than to effects of genome duplication per se.Timothy A. DickinsonBrigitte Xueqi YanShery HanMehdi ZarreiMDPI AGarticleapomixisclimate nichegeographic rangeleaf vascular architecturephylogenyAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2133, p 2133 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	apomixis climate niche geographic range leaf vascular architecture phylogeny Agriculture S
spellingShingle	apomixis climate niche geographic range leaf vascular architecture phylogeny Agriculture S Timothy A. Dickinson Brigitte Xueqi Yan Shery Han Mehdi Zarrei Niche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)
description	We compare biogeographic and morphological parameters of two agamic complexes of western North American hawthorns so as to evaluate possible explanations of the differences in range between sexually reproducing taxa and their apomictic sister taxa. We have documented range, breeding system, morphology, leaf vascular architecture, and niche breadth in these hawthorns, for which phylogenetic relationships and ploidy levels are known. Species distribution data from herbarium specimens and online databases were analyzed in order to compare ranges and climate niches described by bioclimatic variables. Flow cytometry documented ploidy level and breeding system. Voucher specimens provided morphometric data that were analyzed using uni- and multivariate methods. Members of two black-fruited taxonomic sections of <i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i> (sections <i>Douglasianae</i>, <i>Salignae</i>) have previously been identified as hybrids. They are presumptively self-fertile polyploids with pseudogamous gametophytic apomixis. Their morphologies, geographic ranges, and niche characteristics resemble those of their diploid, sexual parent or are intermediate between them and those of their other parent, one or both of two partially sympatric tetraploid apomicts in red-fruited <i>C.</i> subg. <i>Americanae</i> with much wider distributions. Comparing sections <i>Douglasianae</i> and <i>Salignae</i> suggests that geographic parthenogenesis (larger range sizes in apomicts, compared to sexually reproducing taxa) may have less to do with adaptation than it does with reproductive assurance in the pseudogamously apomictic and self-compatible hybrids. Greater climate niche breadth in allopolyploids compared to diploids similarly may be more due to parental traits than to effects of genome duplication per se.
format	article
author	Timothy A. Dickinson Brigitte Xueqi Yan Shery Han Mehdi Zarrei
author_facet	Timothy A. Dickinson Brigitte Xueqi Yan Shery Han Mehdi Zarrei
author_sort	Timothy A. Dickinson
title	Niche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)
title_short	Niche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)
title_full	Niche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)
title_fullStr	Niche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)
title_full_unstemmed	Niche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)
title_sort	niche shifts, hybridization, polyploidy and geographic parthenogenesis in western north american hawthorns (<i>crataegus</i> subg. <i>sanguineae</i>, rosaceae)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/033a542b34014371a4cc72497e8ec038
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Niche Shifts, Hybridization, Polyploidy and Geographic Parthenogenesis in Western North American Hawthorns (<i>Crataegus</i> subg. <i>Sanguineae</i>, Rosaceae)

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