Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides

Abstract Cantilever sensors are among the most important microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are usually actuated by electrostatic forces or piezoelectric elements. Although well-developed microfabrication technology has made silicon the prevailing material for MEMS, unique properties of ot...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Mohammad Esmail Aryaee Panah, Elizaveta S. Semenova, Andrei V. Lavrinenko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/03883cd3e9334d0f8e6ed5ea2bf2f43d
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:03883cd3e9334d0f8e6ed5ea2bf2f43d
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:03883cd3e9334d0f8e6ed5ea2bf2f43d2021-12-02T16:06:34ZEnhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides10.1038/s41598-017-03409-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/03883cd3e9334d0f8e6ed5ea2bf2f43d2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03409-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cantilever sensors are among the most important microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are usually actuated by electrostatic forces or piezoelectric elements. Although well-developed microfabrication technology has made silicon the prevailing material for MEMS, unique properties of other materials are overlooked in this context. Here we investigate optically induced forces exerted upon a semi-insulating InP waveguide suspended above a highly doped InP:Si substrate, in three different regimes: the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ), with excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and phonons excitation. An order of magnitude amplification of the force is observed when light is coupled to SPPs, and three orders of magnitude amplification is achieved in the phonon excitation regime. In the ENZ regime, the force is found to be repulsive and higher than that in a waveguide suspended above a dielectric substrate. Low losses in InP:Si result in a big propagation length. The induced deflection can be detected by measuring the phase change of the light when passing through the waveguide, which enables all-optical functioning, and paves the way towards integration and miniaturization of micro-cantilevers. In addition, tunability of the ENZ and the SPP excitation wavelength ranges, via adjusting the carrier concentration, provides an extra degree of freedom for designing MEMS devices.Mohammad Esmail Aryaee PanahElizaveta S. SemenovaAndrei V. LavrinenkoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mohammad Esmail Aryaee Panah Elizaveta S. Semenova Andrei V. Lavrinenko Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides
description	Abstract Cantilever sensors are among the most important microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are usually actuated by electrostatic forces or piezoelectric elements. Although well-developed microfabrication technology has made silicon the prevailing material for MEMS, unique properties of other materials are overlooked in this context. Here we investigate optically induced forces exerted upon a semi-insulating InP waveguide suspended above a highly doped InP:Si substrate, in three different regimes: the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ), with excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and phonons excitation. An order of magnitude amplification of the force is observed when light is coupled to SPPs, and three orders of magnitude amplification is achieved in the phonon excitation regime. In the ENZ regime, the force is found to be repulsive and higher than that in a waveguide suspended above a dielectric substrate. Low losses in InP:Si result in a big propagation length. The induced deflection can be detected by measuring the phase change of the light when passing through the waveguide, which enables all-optical functioning, and paves the way towards integration and miniaturization of micro-cantilevers. In addition, tunability of the ENZ and the SPP excitation wavelength ranges, via adjusting the carrier concentration, provides an extra degree of freedom for designing MEMS devices.
format	article
author	Mohammad Esmail Aryaee Panah Elizaveta S. Semenova Andrei V. Lavrinenko
author_facet	Mohammad Esmail Aryaee Panah Elizaveta S. Semenova Andrei V. Lavrinenko
author_sort	Mohammad Esmail Aryaee Panah
title	Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides
title_short	Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides
title_full	Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides
title_fullStr	Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides
title_full_unstemmed	Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides
title_sort	enhancing optical forces in inp-based waveguides
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/03883cd3e9334d0f8e6ed5ea2bf2f43d
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohammadesmailaryaeepanah enhancingopticalforcesininpbasedwaveguides AT elizavetassemenova enhancingopticalforcesininpbasedwaveguides AT andreivlavrinenko enhancingopticalforcesininpbasedwaveguides
_version_	1718384943638249472

Enhancing Optical Forces in InP-Based Waveguides

Ejemplares similares