Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.

<h4>Background</h4>In 2007, part of a drinking water distribution system was accidentally contaminated with waste water effluent causing a gastroenteritis outbreak in a Finnish town. We examined the acute and cumulative effects of this incidence on sick leaves among public sector employe...

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Autores principales:	Jaana I Halonen, Mika Kivimäki, Tuula Oksanen, Pekka Virtanen, Mikko J Virtanen, Jaana Pentti, Jussi Vahtera
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/03a0af8283914a4ab6211a5271d901da
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:03a0af8283914a4ab6211a5271d901da2021-11-18T07:24:47ZWaterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0033307https://doaj.org/article/03a0af8283914a4ab6211a5271d901da2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22442683/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>In 2007, part of a drinking water distribution system was accidentally contaminated with waste water effluent causing a gastroenteritis outbreak in a Finnish town. We examined the acute and cumulative effects of this incidence on sick leaves among public sector employees residing in the clean and contaminated areas, and the additional costs of lost workdays due to the incidence.<h4>Methods</h4>Daily information on sick leaves of 1789 Finnish Public Sector Study participants was obtained from employers' registers. Global Positioning System-coordinates were used for linking participants to the clean and contaminated areas. Prevalence ratios (PR) for weekly sickness absences were calculated using binomial regression analysis. Calculations for the costs were based on prior studies.<h4>Results</h4>Among those living in the contaminated areas, the prevalence of participants on sick leave was 3.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.97-4.22) times higher on the week following the incidence compared to the reference period. Those living and working in the clean area were basically not affected, the corresponding PR for sick leaves was 1.12, 95% CI 0.73-1.73. No cumulative effects on sick leaves were observed among the exposed. The estimated additional costs of lost workdays due to the incidence were 1.8-2.1 million euros.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The prevalence of sickness absences among public sector employees residing in affected areas increased shortly after drinking water distribution system was contaminated, but no long-term effects were observed. The estimated costs of lost workdays were remarkable, thus, the cost-benefits of better monitoring systems for the water distribution systems should be evaluated.Jaana I HalonenMika KivimäkiTuula OksanenPekka VirtanenMikko J VirtanenJaana PenttiJussi VahteraPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e33307 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jaana I Halonen Mika Kivimäki Tuula Oksanen Pekka Virtanen Mikko J Virtanen Jaana Pentti Jussi Vahtera Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In 2007, part of a drinking water distribution system was accidentally contaminated with waste water effluent causing a gastroenteritis outbreak in a Finnish town. We examined the acute and cumulative effects of this incidence on sick leaves among public sector employees residing in the clean and contaminated areas, and the additional costs of lost workdays due to the incidence.<h4>Methods</h4>Daily information on sick leaves of 1789 Finnish Public Sector Study participants was obtained from employers' registers. Global Positioning System-coordinates were used for linking participants to the clean and contaminated areas. Prevalence ratios (PR) for weekly sickness absences were calculated using binomial regression analysis. Calculations for the costs were based on prior studies.<h4>Results</h4>Among those living in the contaminated areas, the prevalence of participants on sick leave was 3.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.97-4.22) times higher on the week following the incidence compared to the reference period. Those living and working in the clean area were basically not affected, the corresponding PR for sick leaves was 1.12, 95% CI 0.73-1.73. No cumulative effects on sick leaves were observed among the exposed. The estimated additional costs of lost workdays due to the incidence were 1.8-2.1 million euros.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The prevalence of sickness absences among public sector employees residing in affected areas increased shortly after drinking water distribution system was contaminated, but no long-term effects were observed. The estimated costs of lost workdays were remarkable, thus, the cost-benefits of better monitoring systems for the water distribution systems should be evaluated.
format	article
author	Jaana I Halonen Mika Kivimäki Tuula Oksanen Pekka Virtanen Mikko J Virtanen Jaana Pentti Jussi Vahtera
author_facet	Jaana I Halonen Mika Kivimäki Tuula Oksanen Pekka Virtanen Mikko J Virtanen Jaana Pentti Jussi Vahtera
author_sort	Jaana I Halonen
title	Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.
title_short	Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.
title_full	Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.
title_fullStr	Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.
title_full_unstemmed	Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.
title_sort	waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/03a0af8283914a4ab6211a5271d901da
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Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: effects on sick leaves and cost of lost workdays.

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