Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy

Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) are the vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) in Europe. Xf may cause severe epidemics in cultivated plants, including grapevines. To assess the threat represented by the bacterium to grapevine...

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Autores principales:	Nicola Bodino, Stefano Demichelis, Anna Simonetto, Stefania Volani, Matteo Alessandro Saladini, Gianni Gilioli, Domenico Bosco
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	color morphs grapevine host plant selection insect vectors <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> plant preference Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/03c1e108cc6b49e2a6e926b9c6e2cb00
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:03c1e108cc6b49e2a6e926b9c6e2cb002021-11-25T17:59:48ZPhenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy10.3390/insects121110122075-4450https://doaj.org/article/03c1e108cc6b49e2a6e926b9c6e2cb002021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1012https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) are the vectors of the bacterium <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> (<i>Xf</i>) in Europe. <i>Xf</i> may cause severe epidemics in cultivated plants, including grapevines. To assess the threat represented by the bacterium to grapevines, detailed information on the vectors’ phenology, density, and ecology in vineyards is needed. The aim of the present work was to describe spittlebug diversity, phenology, and host-plant association in the vineyard agroecosystem. Two separate field surveys of nymphal and adult spittlebug populations, i.e., a two-year survey of a single site and a one-year survey of three sites, were performed in vineyards of northwestern Italy in three consecutive years. <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> was the most common species, reaching average nymph densities on herbaceous cover up to 60–130 nymphs/m<sup>2</sup>. Adults were sampled on grapevines from May to September, with a peak in June (up to 0.43 insects/sweep). Herbaceous cover was colonized after egg hatching and in late summer for oviposition, while wild woody hosts represented a refuge during summer. The results show that spittlebugs can reach high population levels in vineyards, at least in the areas where the ground is covered by herbaceous plants for the whole season and the use of insecticides is moderate. The extended presence of <i>P. spumarius</i> adults on grapevines represents a serious risk factor for the spread of <i>Xf</i>. The scenarios of <i>Xf</i> establishment in vineyards in northwestern Italy and Europe are discussed in relation to the abundance, phenology, and plant association of spittlebugs.Nicola BodinoStefano DemichelisAnna SimonettoStefania VolaniMatteo Alessandro SaladiniGianni GilioliDomenico BoscoMDPI AGarticlecolor morphsgrapevinehost plant selectioninsect vectors<i>Philaenus spumarius</i>plant preferenceScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 1012, p 1012 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	color morphs grapevine host plant selection insect vectors <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> plant preference Science Q
spellingShingle	color morphs grapevine host plant selection insect vectors <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> plant preference Science Q Nicola Bodino Stefano Demichelis Anna Simonetto Stefania Volani Matteo Alessandro Saladini Gianni Gilioli Domenico Bosco Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy
description	Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) are the vectors of the bacterium <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> (<i>Xf</i>) in Europe. <i>Xf</i> may cause severe epidemics in cultivated plants, including grapevines. To assess the threat represented by the bacterium to grapevines, detailed information on the vectors’ phenology, density, and ecology in vineyards is needed. The aim of the present work was to describe spittlebug diversity, phenology, and host-plant association in the vineyard agroecosystem. Two separate field surveys of nymphal and adult spittlebug populations, i.e., a two-year survey of a single site and a one-year survey of three sites, were performed in vineyards of northwestern Italy in three consecutive years. <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> was the most common species, reaching average nymph densities on herbaceous cover up to 60–130 nymphs/m<sup>2</sup>. Adults were sampled on grapevines from May to September, with a peak in June (up to 0.43 insects/sweep). Herbaceous cover was colonized after egg hatching and in late summer for oviposition, while wild woody hosts represented a refuge during summer. The results show that spittlebugs can reach high population levels in vineyards, at least in the areas where the ground is covered by herbaceous plants for the whole season and the use of insecticides is moderate. The extended presence of <i>P. spumarius</i> adults on grapevines represents a serious risk factor for the spread of <i>Xf</i>. The scenarios of <i>Xf</i> establishment in vineyards in northwestern Italy and Europe are discussed in relation to the abundance, phenology, and plant association of spittlebugs.
format	article
author	Nicola Bodino Stefano Demichelis Anna Simonetto Stefania Volani Matteo Alessandro Saladini Gianni Gilioli Domenico Bosco
author_facet	Nicola Bodino Stefano Demichelis Anna Simonetto Stefania Volani Matteo Alessandro Saladini Gianni Gilioli Domenico Bosco
author_sort	Nicola Bodino
title	Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy
title_short	Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy
title_full	Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy
title_fullStr	Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy
title_full_unstemmed	Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy
title_sort	phenology, seasonal abundance, and host-plant association of spittlebugs (hemiptera: aphrophoridae) in vineyards of northwestern italy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/03c1e108cc6b49e2a6e926b9c6e2cb00
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Phenology, Seasonal Abundance, and Host-Plant Association of Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in Vineyards of Northwestern Italy

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