Stable and Flexible Synaptic Transmission Controlled by the Active Zone Protein Interactions

An action potential triggers neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles docking to a specialized release site of the presynaptic plasma membrane, the active zone. The active zone is a highly organized structure with proteins that serves as a platform for synaptic vesicle exocytosis, mediated by...

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Auteur principal: Sumiko Mochida
Format: article
Langue:EN
Publié: MDPI AG 2021
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Accès en ligne:https://doaj.org/article/03ccb82b816947e3993d4f121749fc44
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Description
Résumé:An action potential triggers neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles docking to a specialized release site of the presynaptic plasma membrane, the active zone. The active zone is a highly organized structure with proteins that serves as a platform for synaptic vesicle exocytosis, mediated by SNAREs complex and Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor proteins, within a sub-millisecond opening of nearby Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels with the membrane depolarization. In response to incoming neuronal signals, each active zone protein plays a role in the release-ready site replenishment with synaptic vesicles for sustainable synaptic transmission. The active zone release apparatus provides a possible link between neuronal activity and plasticity. This review summarizes the mostly physiological role of active zone protein interactions that control synaptic strength, presynaptic short-term plasticity, and homeostatic synaptic plasticity.