Borehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation

Water outbursts and rock bursts often occur during the mining of coal seams under water-rich sandstone strata with thicknesses exceeding 50 m, otherwise called ultrathick-and-hard strata (UTHS), which are common throughout the mining areas of northwestern China. It is important to understand the beh...

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Autores principales:	Xiaozhen Wang, Weibing Zhu, Jianlin Xie, Hongkai Han, Jingmin Xu, Zhongyi Tang, Jialin Xu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Luohe Formation ultrathick-and-hard strata internal strata movement mining-induced fractures mining-induced pressure events in situ borehole monitoring Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/03ddac5840664168a6a543c6b6cadf5b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:03ddac5840664168a6a543c6b6cadf5b2021-11-25T18:25:51ZBorehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation10.3390/min111111572075-163Xhttps://doaj.org/article/03ddac5840664168a6a543c6b6cadf5b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/11/1157https://doaj.org/toc/2075-163XWater outbursts and rock bursts often occur during the mining of coal seams under water-rich sandstone strata with thicknesses exceeding 50 m, otherwise called ultrathick-and-hard strata (UTHS), which are common throughout the mining areas of northwestern China. It is important to understand the behaviors of their movement and the evolution of their internal fractures to inform the formulation of effective disaster prevention. Due to the presence of the Luohe Formation UTHS in the overburden of the Tingnan Coal Mine in the Binchang mining area and the powerful mining-induced pressure (MIP) events that occurred during the excavation of Panel #2, the internal strata movement of the overburden and the evolution of its fractures were monitored in situ by fiber optic and multipoint borehole extensometers (MPBX) during the excavation of Working Face #207. It was found that a large number of ring-shaped fractures were observed at 24.8–81 m above the lower boundary of the Luohe Formation—in areas above the goaf of Working Face #206—before Working Face #207 was mined. When Working Face #207 was mined, the fractures that were originally located in the deep strata of the Luohe Formation started to close and migrate towards shallow strata. Crack closure and migration were also observed during the monitoring of internal strata movement. Furthermore, the final displacements of Y1-1-1#, Y1-2-2#, and Y1-2-3# relative to the surface were 77, 248, and 134 mm, which were very small relative to the surface subsidence of 1380 mm. It was found that mining-induced perturbations caused the Luohe Formation UTHS to subside continuously and no risk of a large and sudden break would occur in the Luohe Formation UTHS during the mining of Working Face #207. The results of this study provide important data for the safety of mining operations at Working Face #207, which were validated by microseismic monitoring during the mining of it.Xiaozhen WangWeibing ZhuJianlin XieHongkai HanJingmin XuZhongyi TangJialin XuMDPI AGarticleLuohe Formation ultrathick-and-hard stratainternal strata movementmining-induced fracturesmining-induced pressure eventsin situ borehole monitoringMineralogyQE351-399.2ENMinerals, Vol 11, Iss 1157, p 1157 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Luohe Formation ultrathick-and-hard strata internal strata movement mining-induced fractures mining-induced pressure events in situ borehole monitoring Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	Luohe Formation ultrathick-and-hard strata internal strata movement mining-induced fractures mining-induced pressure events in situ borehole monitoring Mineralogy QE351-399.2 Xiaozhen Wang Weibing Zhu Jianlin Xie Hongkai Han Jingmin Xu Zhongyi Tang Jialin Xu Borehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation
description	Water outbursts and rock bursts often occur during the mining of coal seams under water-rich sandstone strata with thicknesses exceeding 50 m, otherwise called ultrathick-and-hard strata (UTHS), which are common throughout the mining areas of northwestern China. It is important to understand the behaviors of their movement and the evolution of their internal fractures to inform the formulation of effective disaster prevention. Due to the presence of the Luohe Formation UTHS in the overburden of the Tingnan Coal Mine in the Binchang mining area and the powerful mining-induced pressure (MIP) events that occurred during the excavation of Panel #2, the internal strata movement of the overburden and the evolution of its fractures were monitored in situ by fiber optic and multipoint borehole extensometers (MPBX) during the excavation of Working Face #207. It was found that a large number of ring-shaped fractures were observed at 24.8–81 m above the lower boundary of the Luohe Formation—in areas above the goaf of Working Face #206—before Working Face #207 was mined. When Working Face #207 was mined, the fractures that were originally located in the deep strata of the Luohe Formation started to close and migrate towards shallow strata. Crack closure and migration were also observed during the monitoring of internal strata movement. Furthermore, the final displacements of Y1-1-1#, Y1-2-2#, and Y1-2-3# relative to the surface were 77, 248, and 134 mm, which were very small relative to the surface subsidence of 1380 mm. It was found that mining-induced perturbations caused the Luohe Formation UTHS to subside continuously and no risk of a large and sudden break would occur in the Luohe Formation UTHS during the mining of Working Face #207. The results of this study provide important data for the safety of mining operations at Working Face #207, which were validated by microseismic monitoring during the mining of it.
format	article
author	Xiaozhen Wang Weibing Zhu Jianlin Xie Hongkai Han Jingmin Xu Zhongyi Tang Jialin Xu
author_facet	Xiaozhen Wang Weibing Zhu Jianlin Xie Hongkai Han Jingmin Xu Zhongyi Tang Jialin Xu
author_sort	Xiaozhen Wang
title	Borehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation
title_short	Borehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation
title_full	Borehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation
title_fullStr	Borehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation
title_full_unstemmed	Borehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation
title_sort	borehole-based monitoring of mining-induced movement in ultrathick-and-hard sandstone strata of the luohe formation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/03ddac5840664168a6a543c6b6cadf5b
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Borehole-Based Monitoring of Mining-Induced Movement in Ultrathick-and-Hard Sandstone Strata of the Luohe Formation

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