Flexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing

Bike sharing is an important tool to reduce congestion and pollution in urban areas. Electrically Power Assisted Bicycles (EPAC’s) make cycling possible also for sedentary people. Standard EPAC’s are difficultly integrable into a free-floating sharing system because the battery...

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Autores principales:	Alessandra Duz, Matteo Corno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	Bicycles electric vehicles intelligent vehicles public transportation hybrid power systems Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/03fdf7f3cdd140a3bdbaca7d60d0f812
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:03fdf7f3cdd140a3bdbaca7d60d0f8122021-11-20T00:02:16ZFlexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing2169-353610.1109/ACCESS.2021.3127568https://doaj.org/article/03fdf7f3cdd140a3bdbaca7d60d0f8122021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9612183/https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536Bike sharing is an important tool to reduce congestion and pollution in urban areas. Electrically Power Assisted Bicycles (EPAC’s) make cycling possible also for sedentary people. Standard EPAC’s are difficultly integrable into a free-floating sharing system because the battery pack requires frequent recharging. This paper studies the challenges, opportunities and solutions of implementing a free-floating bike sharing system based on electric bicycles. The analysis revolves around the charge sustaining paradigm. The idea of charge sustaining leverages the metabolic efficiency gaps to reduce the overall physical effort required without determining a net discharge of the battery. Already validated in private bicycles, the idea needs to be modified and adapted to the challenges of a shared fleet. The paper analyzes two approaches to the fleet level energy management and assistance control of a fleet of charge sustaining bicycles. Specifically, we compare a fixed price approach against a flexible pricing approach where the user can select the cost based on the pedaling effort they are willing to exercise. A simulation framework (calibrated on data collected during a large trial in Milan, Italy) assesses the operational costs and revenues of the two approaches quantifying how they depend on the design and environmental parameters. We provide and validate a lower bound in terms of usage rate that guarantees economic sustainability, additionally showing that a flexible pricing strategy can lower this bound and grant more degrees of freedom to the users.Alessandra DuzMatteo CornoIEEEarticleBicycleselectric vehiclesintelligent vehiclespublic transportationhybrid power systemsElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENIEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 152972-152983 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bicycles electric vehicles intelligent vehicles public transportation hybrid power systems Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
spellingShingle	Bicycles electric vehicles intelligent vehicles public transportation hybrid power systems Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Alessandra Duz Matteo Corno Flexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing
description	Bike sharing is an important tool to reduce congestion and pollution in urban areas. Electrically Power Assisted Bicycles (EPAC’s) make cycling possible also for sedentary people. Standard EPAC’s are difficultly integrable into a free-floating sharing system because the battery pack requires frequent recharging. This paper studies the challenges, opportunities and solutions of implementing a free-floating bike sharing system based on electric bicycles. The analysis revolves around the charge sustaining paradigm. The idea of charge sustaining leverages the metabolic efficiency gaps to reduce the overall physical effort required without determining a net discharge of the battery. Already validated in private bicycles, the idea needs to be modified and adapted to the challenges of a shared fleet. The paper analyzes two approaches to the fleet level energy management and assistance control of a fleet of charge sustaining bicycles. Specifically, we compare a fixed price approach against a flexible pricing approach where the user can select the cost based on the pedaling effort they are willing to exercise. A simulation framework (calibrated on data collected during a large trial in Milan, Italy) assesses the operational costs and revenues of the two approaches quantifying how they depend on the design and environmental parameters. We provide and validate a lower bound in terms of usage rate that guarantees economic sustainability, additionally showing that a flexible pricing strategy can lower this bound and grant more degrees of freedom to the users.
format	article
author	Alessandra Duz Matteo Corno
author_facet	Alessandra Duz Matteo Corno
author_sort	Alessandra Duz
title	Flexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing
title_short	Flexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing
title_full	Flexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing
title_fullStr	Flexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing
title_full_unstemmed	Flexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing
title_sort	flexible pricing strategies in electric free-floating bicycle sharing
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/03fdf7f3cdd140a3bdbaca7d60d0f812
work_keys_str_mv	AT alessandraduz flexiblepricingstrategiesinelectricfreefloatingbicyclesharing AT matteocorno flexiblepricingstrategiesinelectricfreefloatingbicyclesharing
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Flexible Pricing Strategies in Electric Free-Floating Bicycle Sharing

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