Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature

Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a prevalent disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Recent changes have been noted in the profile of causative microorganisms. In this report, we describe a case of Gemella-related endocarditis and review the related literature. Our patient was an 81-...

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Autores principales:	Dima Youssef, Ibrahim Youssef, Tariq S Marroush, Mamta Sharma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2019
Materias:	endocarditis gemella haemolysans mitral regurgitation Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0471e5be8e9449cb807585c33f22b6ef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0471e5be8e9449cb807585c33f22b6ef2021-12-02T17:05:51ZGemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature2231-07702249-446410.4103/AJM.AJM_3_19https://doaj.org/article/0471e5be8e9449cb807585c33f22b6ef2019-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/AJM.AJM_3_19https://doaj.org/toc/2231-0770https://doaj.org/toc/2249-4464Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a prevalent disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Recent changes have been noted in the profile of causative microorganisms. In this report, we describe a case of Gemella-related endocarditis and review the related literature. Our patient was an 81-year-old man who presented with dyspnea and fatigue. His initial examination revealed a new systolic murmur. Echocardiogram revealed moderate mitral regurgitation with 1-cm mass on the anterior mitral leaflet, and blood cultures grew Gemella haemolysans. Penicillin and gentamicin were initiated, and workup for possible source was positive for a colonic polyp with high-grade dysplasia. The patient subsequently developed cardiogenic shock and severe pulmonary edema. Comfort care measures were initiated, and he passed away thereafter. We reviewed PubMed for cases of Gemella-related endocarditis. We found 65 documented cases and added our patient’s case to the analysis. Seventy-two percent of the cases occurred in men. The mean age was 51 years and 42% of the patients were older than 60 years. Fever was the most common presenting symptom and most of the cases presented subacutely. The mitral valve was the most affected site and 50% of the patients required surgical intervention. G. morbillorum was the most common subtype and a total of four cases were found to be associated with colorectal neoplasm. As a conclusion, Gemella species rarely cause IE. The absence of a clear source of bacteremia warrants further evaluation for a gastrointestinal source. The infection can be destructive and must be promptly treated to avoid complications. morbillorum Key messages: Gemella endocarditis is a serious infection with significant morbidity and mortality. It must be promptly treated to avoid further complications.Dima YoussefIbrahim YoussefTariq S MarroushMamta SharmaThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.articleendocarditisgemella haemolysansmitralregurgitationMedicineRENAvicenna Journal of Medicine, Vol 09, Iss 04, Pp 164-168 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	endocarditis gemella haemolysans mitral regurgitation Medicine R
spellingShingle	endocarditis gemella haemolysans mitral regurgitation Medicine R Dima Youssef Ibrahim Youssef Tariq S Marroush Mamta Sharma Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature
description	Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a prevalent disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Recent changes have been noted in the profile of causative microorganisms. In this report, we describe a case of Gemella-related endocarditis and review the related literature. Our patient was an 81-year-old man who presented with dyspnea and fatigue. His initial examination revealed a new systolic murmur. Echocardiogram revealed moderate mitral regurgitation with 1-cm mass on the anterior mitral leaflet, and blood cultures grew Gemella haemolysans. Penicillin and gentamicin were initiated, and workup for possible source was positive for a colonic polyp with high-grade dysplasia. The patient subsequently developed cardiogenic shock and severe pulmonary edema. Comfort care measures were initiated, and he passed away thereafter. We reviewed PubMed for cases of Gemella-related endocarditis. We found 65 documented cases and added our patient’s case to the analysis. Seventy-two percent of the cases occurred in men. The mean age was 51 years and 42% of the patients were older than 60 years. Fever was the most common presenting symptom and most of the cases presented subacutely. The mitral valve was the most affected site and 50% of the patients required surgical intervention. G. morbillorum was the most common subtype and a total of four cases were found to be associated with colorectal neoplasm. As a conclusion, Gemella species rarely cause IE. The absence of a clear source of bacteremia warrants further evaluation for a gastrointestinal source. The infection can be destructive and must be promptly treated to avoid complications. morbillorum Key messages: Gemella endocarditis is a serious infection with significant morbidity and mortality. It must be promptly treated to avoid further complications.
format	article
author	Dima Youssef Ibrahim Youssef Tariq S Marroush Mamta Sharma
author_facet	Dima Youssef Ibrahim Youssef Tariq S Marroush Mamta Sharma
author_sort	Dima Youssef
title	Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature
title_short	Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature
title_full	Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature
title_fullStr	Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature
title_full_unstemmed	Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature
title_sort	gemella endocarditis: a case report and a review of the literature
publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/0471e5be8e9449cb807585c33f22b6ef
work_keys_str_mv	AT dimayoussef gemellaendocarditisacasereportandareviewoftheliterature AT ibrahimyoussef gemellaendocarditisacasereportandareviewoftheliterature AT tariqsmarroush gemellaendocarditisacasereportandareviewoftheliterature AT mamtasharma gemellaendocarditisacasereportandareviewoftheliterature
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Gemella endocarditis: A case report and a review of the literature

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