Reliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study

Wastewater-based epidemiology has been used for monitoring human activities and waterborne pathogens. Although wastewaters can also be used for tracking SARS-CoV-2 at the population level, the reliability of this approach remains to be established, especially for early warning of outbreaks. We colle...

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Autores principales:	Rafael Sanjuán, Pilar Domingo-Calap
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	wastewater-based epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance public health virus Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/048b67db093d42f5a92add2e8f8e46d0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:048b67db093d42f5a92add2e8f8e46d02021-11-19T04:35:23ZReliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study2673-818X10.3389/fviro.2021.776998https://doaj.org/article/048b67db093d42f5a92add2e8f8e46d02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2021.776998/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-818XWastewater-based epidemiology has been used for monitoring human activities and waterborne pathogens. Although wastewaters can also be used for tracking SARS-CoV-2 at the population level, the reliability of this approach remains to be established, especially for early warning of outbreaks. We collected 377 samples from different treatment plants processing wastewaters of >1 million inhabitants in Valencia, Spain, between April 2020 and March 2021. Samples were cleaned, concentrated, and subjected to RT-qPCR to determine SARS-CoV-2 concentrations. These data were compared with cumulative disease notification rates over 7 and 14 day periods. We amplified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 75% of the RT-qPCRs, with an estimated detection limit of 100 viral genome copies per liter (gc/L). SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration correlated strongly with disease notification rates over 14-day periods (Pearson r = 0.962, P < 0.001). A concentration >1000 gc/L showed >95% sensitivity and specificity as an indicator of more than 25 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Albeit with slightly higher uncertainty, these figures were reproduced using a 7-day period. Time series were similar for wastewaters data and declared cases, but wastewater RNA concentrations exhibited transient peaks that were not observed in declared cases and preceded major outbreaks by several weeks. In conclusion, wastewater analysis provides a reliable tool for monitoring COVID-19, particularly at low incidence values, and is not biased by asymptomatic cases. Moreover, this approach might reveal previously unrecognized features of COVID-19 transmission.Rafael SanjuánPilar Domingo-CalapFrontiers Media S.A.articlewastewater-based epidemiologySARS-CoV-2epidemiological surveillancepublic healthvirusMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Virology, Vol 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	wastewater-based epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance public health virus Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	wastewater-based epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance public health virus Microbiology QR1-502 Rafael Sanjuán Pilar Domingo-Calap Reliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study
description	Wastewater-based epidemiology has been used for monitoring human activities and waterborne pathogens. Although wastewaters can also be used for tracking SARS-CoV-2 at the population level, the reliability of this approach remains to be established, especially for early warning of outbreaks. We collected 377 samples from different treatment plants processing wastewaters of >1 million inhabitants in Valencia, Spain, between April 2020 and March 2021. Samples were cleaned, concentrated, and subjected to RT-qPCR to determine SARS-CoV-2 concentrations. These data were compared with cumulative disease notification rates over 7 and 14 day periods. We amplified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 75% of the RT-qPCRs, with an estimated detection limit of 100 viral genome copies per liter (gc/L). SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration correlated strongly with disease notification rates over 14-day periods (Pearson r = 0.962, P < 0.001). A concentration >1000 gc/L showed >95% sensitivity and specificity as an indicator of more than 25 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Albeit with slightly higher uncertainty, these figures were reproduced using a 7-day period. Time series were similar for wastewaters data and declared cases, but wastewater RNA concentrations exhibited transient peaks that were not observed in declared cases and preceded major outbreaks by several weeks. In conclusion, wastewater analysis provides a reliable tool for monitoring COVID-19, particularly at low incidence values, and is not biased by asymptomatic cases. Moreover, this approach might reveal previously unrecognized features of COVID-19 transmission.
format	article
author	Rafael Sanjuán Pilar Domingo-Calap
author_facet	Rafael Sanjuán Pilar Domingo-Calap
author_sort	Rafael Sanjuán
title	Reliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study
title_short	Reliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study
title_full	Reliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study
title_fullStr	Reliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study
title_full_unstemmed	Reliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study
title_sort	reliability of wastewater analysis for monitoring covid-19 incidence revealed by a long-term follow-up study
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/048b67db093d42f5a92add2e8f8e46d0
work_keys_str_mv	AT rafaelsanjuan reliabilityofwastewateranalysisformonitoringcovid19incidencerevealedbyalongtermfollowupstudy AT pilardomingocalap reliabilityofwastewateranalysisformonitoringcovid19incidencerevealedbyalongtermfollowupstudy
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Reliability of Wastewater Analysis for Monitoring COVID-19 Incidence Revealed by a Long-Term Follow-Up Study

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