Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity

ABSTRACT The microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the discovery of new microbial enzymes with high activity is critical for improving biomass conversion processes. While attempts to identify superior ligno...

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Autores principales:	Emma Ransom-Jones, Alan J. McCarthy, Sam Haldenby, James Doonan, James E. McDonald
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	Bacteroidetes biomass CAZymes Fibrobacter Firmicutes landfill Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/04a8ec27419d44a29faacc66903b8b34
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:04a8ec27419d44a29faacc66903b8b342021-11-15T15:22:05ZLignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity10.1128/mSphere.00300-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/04a8ec27419d44a29faacc66903b8b342017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00300-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT The microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the discovery of new microbial enzymes with high activity is critical for improving biomass conversion processes. While attempts to identify superior lignocellulose-degrading enzymes have focused predominantly on the animal gut, biomass-degrading communities in landfill sites represent an unexplored resource of hydrolytic enzymes for biomass conversion. Here, to address the paucity of information on biomass-degrading microbial diversity beyond the gastrointestinal tract, cellulose (cotton) “baits” were incubated in landfill leachate microcosms to enrich the landfill cellulolytic microbial community for taxonomic and functional characterization. Metagenome and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated the dominance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Fibrobacteres in the landfill cellulolytic community. Functional metagenome analysis revealed 8,371 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) belonging to 244 CAZyme families. In addition to observing biomass-degrading enzymes of anaerobic bacterial “cellulosome” systems of members of the Firmicutes, we report the first detection of the Fibrobacter cellulase system and the Bacteroidetes polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) in landfill sites. These data provide evidence for the presence of multiple mechanisms of biomass degradation in the landfill microbiome and highlight the extraordinary functional diversity of landfill microorganisms as a rich source of biomass-degrading enzymes of potential biotechnological significance. IMPORTANCE The microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the discovery of new microbial enzymes with high activity is critical for improving biomass conversion processes. While attempts to identify superior lignocellulose-degrading enzymes have focused predominantly on the animal gut, biomass-degrading communities in landfill sites represent an unexplored resource of hydrolytic enzymes for biomass conversion. Here, we identified Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, and Fibrobacteres as key phyla in the landfill cellulolytic community, detecting 8,371 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that represent at least three of the recognized strategies for cellulose decomposition. These data highlight substantial hydrolytic enzyme diversity in landfill sites as a source of new enzymes for biomass conversion.Emma Ransom-JonesAlan J. McCarthySam HaldenbyJames DoonanJames E. McDonaldAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleBacteroidetesbiomassCAZymesFibrobacterFirmicuteslandfillMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 2, Iss 4 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bacteroidetes biomass CAZymes Fibrobacter Firmicutes landfill Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Bacteroidetes biomass CAZymes Fibrobacter Firmicutes landfill Microbiology QR1-502 Emma Ransom-Jones Alan J. McCarthy Sam Haldenby James Doonan James E. McDonald Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity
description	ABSTRACT The microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the discovery of new microbial enzymes with high activity is critical for improving biomass conversion processes. While attempts to identify superior lignocellulose-degrading enzymes have focused predominantly on the animal gut, biomass-degrading communities in landfill sites represent an unexplored resource of hydrolytic enzymes for biomass conversion. Here, to address the paucity of information on biomass-degrading microbial diversity beyond the gastrointestinal tract, cellulose (cotton) “baits” were incubated in landfill leachate microcosms to enrich the landfill cellulolytic microbial community for taxonomic and functional characterization. Metagenome and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing demonstrated the dominance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Fibrobacteres in the landfill cellulolytic community. Functional metagenome analysis revealed 8,371 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) belonging to 244 CAZyme families. In addition to observing biomass-degrading enzymes of anaerobic bacterial “cellulosome” systems of members of the Firmicutes, we report the first detection of the Fibrobacter cellulase system and the Bacteroidetes polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) in landfill sites. These data provide evidence for the presence of multiple mechanisms of biomass degradation in the landfill microbiome and highlight the extraordinary functional diversity of landfill microorganisms as a rich source of biomass-degrading enzymes of potential biotechnological significance. IMPORTANCE The microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the discovery of new microbial enzymes with high activity is critical for improving biomass conversion processes. While attempts to identify superior lignocellulose-degrading enzymes have focused predominantly on the animal gut, biomass-degrading communities in landfill sites represent an unexplored resource of hydrolytic enzymes for biomass conversion. Here, we identified Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, and Fibrobacteres as key phyla in the landfill cellulolytic community, detecting 8,371 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that represent at least three of the recognized strategies for cellulose decomposition. These data highlight substantial hydrolytic enzyme diversity in landfill sites as a source of new enzymes for biomass conversion.
format	article
author	Emma Ransom-Jones Alan J. McCarthy Sam Haldenby James Doonan James E. McDonald
author_facet	Emma Ransom-Jones Alan J. McCarthy Sam Haldenby James Doonan James E. McDonald
author_sort	Emma Ransom-Jones
title	Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity
title_short	Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity
title_full	Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity
title_fullStr	Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity
title_full_unstemmed	Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity
title_sort	lignocellulose-degrading microbial communities in landfill sites represent a repository of unexplored biomass-degrading diversity
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/04a8ec27419d44a29faacc66903b8b34
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Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity

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