Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei

Abstract Atmospheric aerosols in clean remote oceanic regions contribute significantly to the global albedo through the formation of haze and cloud layers; however, the relative importance of ‘primary’ wind-produced sea-spray over secondary (gas-to-particle conversion) sulphate in forming marine clo...

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Autores principales:	Kirsten N. Fossum, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Manuel Dall’Osto, Salvatore Marullo, Marco Bellacicco, Rafel Simó, Dantong Liu, Michael Flynn, Andreas Zuend, Colin O’Dowd
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Peak Supersaturation Aerosol Population Cloud Droplets Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) Aitken Mode Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/04b70a48e6854ed0b34854c3c455ac16
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:04b70a48e6854ed0b34854c3c455ac162021-12-02T15:08:36ZSummertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei10.1038/s41598-018-32047-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/04b70a48e6854ed0b34854c3c455ac162018-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32047-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Atmospheric aerosols in clean remote oceanic regions contribute significantly to the global albedo through the formation of haze and cloud layers; however, the relative importance of ‘primary’ wind-produced sea-spray over secondary (gas-to-particle conversion) sulphate in forming marine clouds remains unclear. Here we report on marine aerosols (PM1) over the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, in terms of their physical, chemical, and cloud droplet activation properties. Two predominant pristine air masses and aerosol populations were encountered: modified continental Antarctic (cAA) comprising predominantly sulphate with minimal sea-salt contribution and maritime Polar (mP) comprising sulphate plus sea-salt. We estimate that in cAA air, 75% of the CCN are activated into cloud droplets while in mP air, 37% are activated into droplets, for corresponding peak supersaturation ranges of 0.37–0.45% and 0.19–0.31%, respectively. When realistic marine boundary layer cloud supersaturations are considered (e.g. ~0.2–0.3%), sea-salt CCN contributed 2–13% of the activated nuclei in the cAA air and 8–51% for the marine air for surface-level wind speed < 16 m s−1. At higher wind speeds, primary marine aerosol can even contribute up to 100% of the activated CCN, for corresponding peak supersaturations as high as 0.32%.Kirsten N. FossumJurgita OvadnevaiteDarius CeburnisManuel Dall’OstoSalvatore MarulloMarco BellaciccoRafel SimóDantong LiuMichael FlynnAndreas ZuendColin O’DowdNature PortfolioarticlePeak SupersaturationAerosol PopulationCloud DropletsScanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS)Aitken ModeMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Peak Supersaturation Aerosol Population Cloud Droplets Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) Aitken Mode Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Peak Supersaturation Aerosol Population Cloud Droplets Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) Aitken Mode Medicine R Science Q Kirsten N. Fossum Jurgita Ovadnevaite Darius Ceburnis Manuel Dall’Osto Salvatore Marullo Marco Bellacicco Rafel Simó Dantong Liu Michael Flynn Andreas Zuend Colin O’Dowd Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei
description	Abstract Atmospheric aerosols in clean remote oceanic regions contribute significantly to the global albedo through the formation of haze and cloud layers; however, the relative importance of ‘primary’ wind-produced sea-spray over secondary (gas-to-particle conversion) sulphate in forming marine clouds remains unclear. Here we report on marine aerosols (PM1) over the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, in terms of their physical, chemical, and cloud droplet activation properties. Two predominant pristine air masses and aerosol populations were encountered: modified continental Antarctic (cAA) comprising predominantly sulphate with minimal sea-salt contribution and maritime Polar (mP) comprising sulphate plus sea-salt. We estimate that in cAA air, 75% of the CCN are activated into cloud droplets while in mP air, 37% are activated into droplets, for corresponding peak supersaturation ranges of 0.37–0.45% and 0.19–0.31%, respectively. When realistic marine boundary layer cloud supersaturations are considered (e.g. ~0.2–0.3%), sea-salt CCN contributed 2–13% of the activated nuclei in the cAA air and 8–51% for the marine air for surface-level wind speed < 16 m s−1. At higher wind speeds, primary marine aerosol can even contribute up to 100% of the activated CCN, for corresponding peak supersaturations as high as 0.32%.
format	article
author	Kirsten N. Fossum Jurgita Ovadnevaite Darius Ceburnis Manuel Dall’Osto Salvatore Marullo Marco Bellacicco Rafel Simó Dantong Liu Michael Flynn Andreas Zuend Colin O’Dowd
author_facet	Kirsten N. Fossum Jurgita Ovadnevaite Darius Ceburnis Manuel Dall’Osto Salvatore Marullo Marco Bellacicco Rafel Simó Dantong Liu Michael Flynn Andreas Zuend Colin O’Dowd
author_sort	Kirsten N. Fossum
title	Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei
title_short	Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei
title_full	Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei
title_fullStr	Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei
title_full_unstemmed	Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei
title_sort	summertime primary and secondary contributions to southern ocean cloud condensation nuclei
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/04b70a48e6854ed0b34854c3c455ac16
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Summertime Primary and Secondary Contributions to Southern Ocean Cloud Condensation Nuclei

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