Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.

The mature human brain is organized into a collection of specialized functional networks that flexibly interact to support various cognitive functions. Studies of development often attempt to identify the organizing principles that guide the maturation of these functional networks. In this report, w...

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Autores principales:	Damien A Fair, Alexander L Cohen, Jonathan D Power, Nico U F Dosenbach, Jessica A Church, Francis M Miezin, Bradley L Schlaggar, Steven E Petersen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/04c7aad54bac4daebf4a79f3764bec99
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:04c7aad54bac4daebf4a79f3764bec992021-11-25T05:42:24ZFunctional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1000381https://doaj.org/article/04c7aad54bac4daebf4a79f3764bec992009-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19412534/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358The mature human brain is organized into a collection of specialized functional networks that flexibly interact to support various cognitive functions. Studies of development often attempt to identify the organizing principles that guide the maturation of these functional networks. In this report, we combine resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI), graph analysis, community detection, and spring-embedding visualization techniques to analyze four separate networks defined in earlier studies. As we have previously reported, we find, across development, a trend toward 'segregation' (a general decrease in correlation strength) between regions close in anatomical space and 'integration' (an increased correlation strength) between selected regions distant in space. The generalization of these earlier trends across multiple networks suggests that this is a general developmental principle for changes in functional connectivity that would extend to large-scale graph theoretic analyses of large-scale brain networks. Communities in children are predominantly arranged by anatomical proximity, while communities in adults predominantly reflect functional relationships, as defined from adult fMRI studies. In sum, over development, the organization of multiple functional networks shifts from a local anatomical emphasis in children to a more "distributed" architecture in young adults. We argue that this "local to distributed" developmental characterization has important implications for understanding the development of neural systems underlying cognition. Further, graph metrics (e.g., clustering coefficients and average path lengths) are similar in child and adult graphs, with both showing "small-world"-like properties, while community detection by modularity optimization reveals stable communities within the graphs that are clearly different between young children and young adults. These observations suggest that early school age children and adults both have relatively efficient systems that may solve similar information processing problems in divergent ways.Damien A FairAlexander L CohenJonathan D PowerNico U F DosenbachJessica A ChurchFrancis M MiezinBradley L SchlaggarSteven E PetersenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e1000381 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Damien A Fair Alexander L Cohen Jonathan D Power Nico U F Dosenbach Jessica A Church Francis M Miezin Bradley L Schlaggar Steven E Petersen Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.
description	The mature human brain is organized into a collection of specialized functional networks that flexibly interact to support various cognitive functions. Studies of development often attempt to identify the organizing principles that guide the maturation of these functional networks. In this report, we combine resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI), graph analysis, community detection, and spring-embedding visualization techniques to analyze four separate networks defined in earlier studies. As we have previously reported, we find, across development, a trend toward 'segregation' (a general decrease in correlation strength) between regions close in anatomical space and 'integration' (an increased correlation strength) between selected regions distant in space. The generalization of these earlier trends across multiple networks suggests that this is a general developmental principle for changes in functional connectivity that would extend to large-scale graph theoretic analyses of large-scale brain networks. Communities in children are predominantly arranged by anatomical proximity, while communities in adults predominantly reflect functional relationships, as defined from adult fMRI studies. In sum, over development, the organization of multiple functional networks shifts from a local anatomical emphasis in children to a more "distributed" architecture in young adults. We argue that this "local to distributed" developmental characterization has important implications for understanding the development of neural systems underlying cognition. Further, graph metrics (e.g., clustering coefficients and average path lengths) are similar in child and adult graphs, with both showing "small-world"-like properties, while community detection by modularity optimization reveals stable communities within the graphs that are clearly different between young children and young adults. These observations suggest that early school age children and adults both have relatively efficient systems that may solve similar information processing problems in divergent ways.
format	article
author	Damien A Fair Alexander L Cohen Jonathan D Power Nico U F Dosenbach Jessica A Church Francis M Miezin Bradley L Schlaggar Steven E Petersen
author_facet	Damien A Fair Alexander L Cohen Jonathan D Power Nico U F Dosenbach Jessica A Church Francis M Miezin Bradley L Schlaggar Steven E Petersen
author_sort	Damien A Fair
title	Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.
title_short	Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.
title_full	Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.
title_fullStr	Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.
title_full_unstemmed	Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.
title_sort	functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/04c7aad54bac4daebf4a79f3764bec99
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Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization.

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